Pittwater Online News

Scotland Island Public Wharves: Some History

When you live on an island maintaining 'access to' its land is vital - you need a bit of low tide beach, a slipway, a boat ramp, a landing place, a jetty or wharf.

In between circa 1804/05, when a Land Grant to Thompson and the Autumn of 1978, legislation defined Permissive Occupancies and then a Special Lease. A permissive occupancy is a type of tenure that was issued under former legislation; this type of tenure was subsequently replaced by licences. Under the Crown Land Management Act 2016, existing permissive occupancies are referred to as licences.

It's also a place where for thousands of years no wharf was required. The shells shipped to Sydney Town by the boatload to make mortar were from middens on the west and north side of the island, with a remnant still adjacent to today's Catherine Park, mark feast places of shellfish and caught fish by the original custodians of this place. These peoples landed via bark canoes.

North - Tennis Court Wharf (from circa 1805)

The first European landing place for access is today's Tennis Court Wharf site and bay just west of Pitt Point and fronting Catherine Park.

Andrew Thomson  born early in 1773, was the youngest of six children of John Thomson, a weaver, manufacturer, and dyer, and his wife Agnes, of Kirk Yetholm, Scotland. He was said to be '15 or 16' when found guilty of stealing some cloth and was sentenced on two counts of theft on 22nd September 1790 at the Jedburgh Court (a town and former royal burgh in the Scottish Borders). He was transported to Australia on the Pitt: Departing June-July 1791 for Sydney, and arrived on 14 February, 1792, days after his 19th birthday. 

Here he became a respected chief constable in the Hawkesbury district, a successful farmer and businessman, and one of the wealthiest settlers in early colonial Australia.

Andrew, now spelt 'Thompson', like many others at this time, was assigned convict labour for properties and land grants that he began to accumulate. To get the produce from these to Sydney Cove he utilised the flowing past his estates Hawkesbury River and employed a boat builder to construct these vessels. The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, the first newspaper printed in Australia, records some of these vessels and their adventures;

Boats.—Came in from Hawkesbury on Saturday last, the 19th inst. the William and Mary, W. Miller owner, laden with wheat. On Tuesday came in from Hawkesbury the  Raven, Thomas Raby owner, also laden with wheat; and same day the Hope of Hawkesbury, A. Thompson owner, with wheat barley, and oats. And on Thursday  came in the Argument, Ward and Eaton owners, with wheat.—On Thursday the Hope sailed again for Hawkesbury. SHIP NEWS. (1803, March 26). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 4. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article625468

Although Thompson wasn't officially recorded as having been grated Scotland Island until January 1st 1810, there are records indicating he was producing salt in the estuary from 1805 onwards - Salt Pan Cove at Newport, with a close by view of Scotland Island, stated to be one of these locations:

 s’s assigned or employed people were the first Europeans located at the site, with remnant stonework that is heritage listed, stated to be associated with his salt works and ship building on this part of the island.

Here the good schooner Geordy was launched in the Spring time, and soon after he died on October 22 1810, and soon after sold as part of his estate. Thompson had assigned (Convict) servants; among these a Carpenter or those who could adapt to work on a road toll and punt works across waters, salt boiler works, the fields of farms where labour was by others, their kitchens and yards, a brewery, a place where he was magistrate at Windsor, or collected fees, in grain or fish, for the Sydney Gazette subscribers and was where you inquired to let houses in the district, an estate agent for the government and others. These Notices advises of the Builder of  boats, built for his many enterprises – including boats collecting and transporting to Sydney grain crops of others (Hope, Nancy), a whaler (Speedwell) that he got off Lion Island when stranded there by the previous owners coasters hands, and sent to New Zealand to kill whales, was overseen by:

The New Hawkesbury Sloop, built at the Green Hills, Mr A Thompson, owner, came round for the first time on Monday 1st, with 1160 Bushels of Wheat, on from Cornwallis Farm, cultivated by Government, and could have taken in with safety 250 more. This vessel called the Nancy, was built under the sole management and direction of Mr. Kelly, formerly chief mate of the Eliza whaler, who also navigates her. Her computed burthen is 40 tons, carries 5 men, and has 4 swivels mounted on her quarter railing. Connoisseurs find no other fault with her than on account of her being rather "shallow in the Bow." SYDNEY. (1803, October 23). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article625840

And on Thursday arrived the Nancy, A. Thompson owner, and the William from Hawkesbury, with wheat. The Nancy sailed from hence for Hunter's River on the 21st of October; took on board 40 logs of very fine Cedar, mostly measuring 20 feet and upwards, and squaring more than 3 feet; and arrived at Hawkesbury with the freight the 1st of the present month.  SHIP NEWS. (1803, December 25). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 4. Retrieved fromhttp://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article625948

The Nancy may have been ‘’shallow in the Bow." to navigate the Hawkesbury River tides and those of Pittwater. But who was she named for - who was ‘Nancy’, a relative or love interest of Andrew Thompson's or ?

Another handsome Sloop built by Mr. A. Thompson, was on Thursday launched from the Green Hills; her keel was laid by Mr. Kelly, now master of the Nancy, her burthen is computed at 30 tons, and in compliment to the spot of her nativity, she has received the name of the Hawkesbury. Bench of Magistrates. (1804, February 19). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 4. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article626050

On Wednesday, the 14th of the present month, a launch took place at Scotland Isle, Pitt Water, of a vessel of 18 tons, said to be one of the finest of her burthen ever built in the Colony.—She makes part of the devised property of the late Mr. THOMPSON, who at the laying down of her keel gave her the name of the GEORDY. SYDNEY. (1810, November 24). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article628130

The Geordy was quickly put up for sale:

BY MR GAUDRY, At the Warehouse of Messrs. Lord and Williams, on Thursday and Friday, the 17th and 18th instants, by Order of the Executors of the late ANDREW THOMPSON, Esq. The good schooner, entirely new, called the GEORDY, Burthen 20 Tons, with all her Masts, Yards, Sails, Rigging, and Stores, the Purchaser of which will receive a Register in his own Name.

Also the WHALE Sloop; together with a number of good Horses and Mares with Foals by their sides.     

Several Tons of Salt. Likewise, a quantity of excellent Houshold Furniture, consisting of tables, chairs, beds, bedsteads, &c. harness, cedar, and a variety of other articles. For the accommodation of Purchasers, 3 Months Credit will be given on approved security, on all sums exceeding Ten Pounds. - A Deposit of 25 per Cent. to be paid at the Time of Sale in Cash, Govnment Bills, or other approved Sterling Money.

On Friday will be Let by Auction, for the Term of Two Years, those very valuable Salt Works at Scotland Isle, with a good Dwelling house and other requisite Buildings attached. - Security of the Renter will be required. At Twelve o'Clock of the same Day the Vessels will be put up. 

To be Sold by Private Contract, One Half Share of the Good Schooner Endeavour, with her Masts, Yards, Rigging, Apparel, &c. compleit, belong to Mr. Henry Kable, now being in Sydney Cove. Every particular may be known on application at his House in George-street. - If not disposed of, the above One Half will be put up at Public Auction on Friday the 18th instant, by Mr. Wm. Gaudry. Classified Advertising. (1811, January 12). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 1. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article628168 

The Geordy became Henry Kables for a while:

Mr. Kable having two Vessels in the Hawkesbury River, wishes all Settlers and others who are indented to him, to take advantage of the same, as no better Opportunity can be afforded them of discharging the Claims he has upon them. The Masters of the Endeavour and Geordy, sloops are authorised to give Receipts for whatever may be intrusted to their Care. Classified Advertising. (1811, February 9). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article628188 

More about her in:  The First Boat Builders Of Pittwater: The Short Life And Long Voyages Of Scotland Island Schooner The Geordy:

And a William Mason seems to have stationed workers on Scotland Island to keep the salt works working until this tragedy:

Last Thursday se'nnight, a man employed at the Salt Works of Mr. Wm. Mason, at Scotland Island, was killed on the spot by the fall of a tree. We can learn nothing farther than that his Christian name was Dennis. Sydney. (1812, August 8). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article628523 

Mr. Mason may not have paid the rent as soon after that August death:

At the same Time will be Rented, for the Term of One Year, the Farms of Agnes Bank, Creek Retreat, Wardel Bank, Killarney, West Hill, and Scotland Island. - From the difficulty that has been found in collecting the Rents of these Farms, proper Security will be required for the due Payment of the Rents when they become due, which must be paid in Cash, as no Grain will be received. Classified Advertising. (1812, October 17). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 1. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article628555 

By 1812 another boat is being crafted on the north end of the island:

Lot 10.— Scotland Isle, an Island situate in Pitt Water, Broken Bay; comprising One hundred and twenty Acres of good Land, fit for Grazing and Cultivation, with extensive Salt Works, a good Dwelling House and Stores, Labourers' Rooms, &c. and replete with every Conveniency for carrying on the Business of Salt Boiling, well situated for the Establishment of a Fishery, and Ship Building. Also, a Vessel of about 90 Tons, (partly built) on the Stocks, at the Island. Classified Advertising (1812, October 24). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 4. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article628562

ADVERTISEMENT — On the 15th of January next, 1815, will be Sold by PUBLIC AUCTION, all those valuable and eligably situated HOUSES and LANDS, comprising the Estate of the late ANDREW THOMPSON, Esq. deceased, viz. 

Lot 1. A Brick Building, of two Stories, comprising 8 Tenements of two Rooms each, situate in George street, Windsor.

2. One hundred and fifty Acres of rich arable Land, known by the Name of West hill, situate by the Town of Windsor — with a convenient weather boarded and shingled Dwelling house, brick built Granary of three floors, weather-boarded and shingled Stabling and Barn, detached Servant's Rooms, a fenced Garden of two Acres, extensive fenced Paddocks, and very useful Farm Offices ; secure from the highest Floods, and commanding the Range of a very extensive Common of excellent grazing Land.— Also, a convenient Tan yard, and a weather boarded and shingled House on the Premises ; forming a very desirable Acquisition for the Agriculturist and Grazier.

3. The Toll Bridge over the South Creek, Windsor, Leasehold from the Crown, of which six Years will be then to come and unexpired.

4. Two hundred and seventy eight Acres of Land, known by the Name of Agnes's Bank, two hundred of which felled, and sixty cleared ; in rich arable condition, and a full grown Peach Orchard of ten Acres, situated on the Banks of the River Nepean, within eight Miles of the Town of Windsor ; commanding an extensive common Right & high-building Land, secure from all floods.

5. Two hundred and sixty Acres of Land, 150 of which are felled, and about thirty cleared in a good state of cultivation, with a good Dwelling House, Barn, and other useful Conveniencies, secure from the highest Floods, known by the Name of Glasgow, on the Banks of the River Nepean, nine Miles from the Town of Windsor.

6. Eight Acres of very rich arable Land, all felled, and about twenty cleared, known by the Name of Wardel Bank, situate on the Banks of the River Nepean, within eighty Miles of the Town of Windsor.

7. Two hundred Acres of Land, thirty of which are cleared, known by the Name of Creek Retreat, on the Banks of the South Creek, eight Miles from the Town of Windsor, well situate for a grazing Farm, and commands the Range of a large Tract of good grazing Common Land.

8. Two hundred and sixty Acres of grazing Land, with a Brick House on the Premises, known by the Name of Kalarney, within two Miles of the Town of Windsor, and commands the Range of a very large Common, forming a very desira-ble grazing Farm.

9. Fifteen hundred and twenty Acres of good grazing Land, thirty of which are cleared and in rich arable Condition, with a House, Yards, &c. known by the Name of St. Andrew's, situate in the District of Minto, eight Miles from the Town of Liverpool, 20 Miles from Parramatta, 30 from Sydney, and 30 from Windsor.

10. Scotland Isle, an Island situate in Pitt-water, Broken Bay, comprising One hundred and twenty Acres of good Land, fit for grazing and cultivation, with extensive Salt works, a good Dwelling house and Stores, Labourer's Rooms, &c. and replete with every conveniency for carrying on the Business of Salt-boiling, Fishing, and Ship Building.

11. A handsome Brick Dwelling House, with good Stabling, Granary, &c. situate in Mac-quarie Place, Sydney, adjoining the Harbour, forming a very convenient and desirable Merchants' Residence.

12. At the same Time will be disposed of, a considerable Stock of Horned Cattle, which will be put up in small Lots for the conveniency of Purchasers.

13. An Allotment of Ground in the Town of Windsor, comprising an Acre and a Half, with a Brewery and Utensils for carrying on that line of Business.

The Terms of Sale will be One Half of the Purchase Money on the Day of Sale, and the Remainder in Six Months ; with Security on the Premises :— The Payments to be made in Sterling Money. H. C. ANTILL, } 

THOS. MOORE. } Executors. Classified Advertising (1814, November 19). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article629014

NOTICE. — Instead of the 15th of January, 1815, as advertised in a former Gazette, the following FARMS and HOUSES, the Property of the late Andrew Thompson, Esq. will take Place at Sydney, on Thursday the 19th of the same Month, at Eleven o'Clock, by Mr R. Jenkins, Auctioneer, at his Rooms in Macqarie Place ; viz.
The Dwelling House situate in Macquarie  Place,- at present occupied by the Rev. Mr. Cowper.
The West Hill Farm... 150 Acres.
Agnes Bank ditto. 278
Glasgow ditto ........ 250
Wardel ditto .. 60
St. Andrew's ditto . 1520
Scotland Isle.. 120
A Considerable Stock of horned Cattle, which will be put up in small Lots.
And, at Windsor, on Tuesday the 24th of the same Month, by Mr. Howe, Auctioneer, at Eleven o'Clock in the Forenoon, the Residence of the said Property ; viz.
A Brick Building, situate in the Middle of the Town of Windsor.
The New Bridge over the South Creek.
Killarney Farm ............ 200Acres
An Allotment of Ground, with a Brewery and Utensils, &c.
A small House at the End of the Town of Windsor, with Ground for a small Garden ; and
About seventy Head of horned Cattle, in small Lots.
For a Description of the above Farms, and the Terms of Sale, reference may be had to a former Advertisment in November last, or to the Executors, or Auctioneers, at Sydney and Windsor.
H. C. Antill }
Thos. Moore, }Executors. Classified Advertising (1815, January 14). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 1. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article629037

ADVERTISEMENT.

On the 1st of September next, if not previously Disposed of by Private Sale,

TO be SOLD by AUCTION, without Reserve, for Ready Money, those valuable and eligibly situated HOUSES and LANDS, comprising the Residue of the Estate of the late Andrew Thompson, Esq. ; viz. ,

For 1_A Brick Building of two stories, comprising Eight Tenements of two Rooms each, situate in George-Street, Windsor. .

Lot 2.-One Hundred and Twenty .Acres of rich Arable Land,' known by the name of West Hills situate by .the Town of Windsor, with a convenient weather-boarded and shingled, Dwelling-house, brick built, Granary of three floors weather boarded and shingled, Stabling and Barn, detached Servants-rooms, a Garden of two acres, extensive Paddocks, and all useful Farm Offices, secure from the highest floods, and commanding the range of a very extensive Com-mon of grazing land. Also, a convenient Tan Yard, with a weather boarded and shingled House on the Premises, forming a very desirable acquisition for the agriculturist and grazier.

Lot 3.-The New Toll Bridge over the South Creek, Wind∨ which has been erected at a considerable expence, Leasehold from the Crown, of which four years are yet to come and unexpired.

Lot 4.-Scotland Isle, an island situate in Pitt Water, Broken Bay; comprising One Hundred and Twenty Acres of good Land, fit for Grazing and Cultivation; with Salt Works, Dwelling House, and Stores, Labourers' Rooms, and well situated for the Establishment of a Fishery, and Ship Building.

Lot 5.-A handsome Brick House, with good Granary, detached Kitchen, &c. situate in Macquarie Place, Sydney, adjoining the Harbour, forming a very desirable and convenient Merchant's Residence.

Lot 6.-At the same Time will be Sold, about 112 Head of Horned Cattle of the first Breed in the Colony; which will be put up in small Lots, for the convenience of Purchasers.

Executors j ^.Antill, Sydney; ¿ 1. Moore, Liverpool.

For further Particulars enquire of the Executors, or the Auctioneer, at Mr. Lord's Auction Rooms,  Sydney ; or to Mr. Howe, Windsor. Classified Advertising (1818, August 1). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 1. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2178106 

Primary Application 6016 states a James Dickson and David Dickson owned Scotland Island in 1825. The PA was the result of Joseph Benns and Charles Jenkins applying to own the island.

West - Cargo Wharf (from circa 1884)

The ownership of Scotland Island had been assumed by John Dickson by 2 July 1833. He appointed trustees of his estate, including Scotland Island, for the benefit of his children, John, James and David Dickson. [LTO Book F No.169] New trustees were appointed in 1838, then John Dickson Senior died in London about 1843. John Dickson Junior also died, about 1850 or 1851. 

The estuary of Pittwater was described in an article in the Sydney Morning Herald of 30 January 1850. “... Near the head there is a small island, which contains a large number of fruit-bearing peach trees, the remains of former cultivation.” 

Joseph Benns, master mariner, was born about 1816 in Brussels, Belgium. He married Martha Catherine Sanville (or Lewis) when he was 66 years old. There was no issue of the marriage, however, Martha Catherine, born October 13, 1838, the fifth child of Sarah and John Lewis, gave birth to one child in 1862, a daughter Emily Mary Ann Elizabeth, whose father is said to be one Eugene Stevens, a water policeman. Although 'Sanville' appears as her surname, 'Stevens' is used when her daughter marries. 

In 1874 Martha Catherine married Joseph Benns. He changed his name from Ambrol Josef Diercknecht, possibly due once again to people here being unable to pronounce names correctly (?) and leased Scotland Island for seven years in 1855. 

Marriage 590/1874: BENS JOSEPH to SANVILLE CATHERINE - SYDNEY - NSW State Records - Births, Deaths Marriages

Emily Mary Ann Elizabeth (names of her Mother's sisters) married George Sigby Godbold in 1887. 3485/1887: GODBOLD, GEORGE and STEVENS EMILY - MANLY - NSW State Records - Births, Deaths Marriages

Mr Benns is credited with rebuilding the house of Andrew Thompson. He also owned the “William and Betsy” which foundered off Port Stephens and then “The Lady and the Lake” which was wrecked off Long Reef. Both of these traded up and down the Hawkesbury so that may have been how he first met Martha:

COASTERS OUTWARDS.  March 10.-Rover, William and Betsy, and Bride, for the Hawkesbury.; Triumph, for Newcastle; Moonta Bay, for Shoalhaven. COASTERS OUTWARDS. (1855, March 12). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 4. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12966620

COASTERS-JULY 21. Inwards.-Catherine, from Broken Bay, 250 baskets shells, 34,000 shingles, 200 dozen oranges ; William and Betsy, from the Hawkesbury, 7600 shingles, ..t bushels maize, half ton bark : SHIPPING RECORD. (1857, July 25). Empire(Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 5. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article64983263 

Benns and Jenkins leased uninhabited Scotland Island from James and David Dickson of London, England, on 24 August 1855 for seven years. They cultivated part of the island and ran cattle on another part. They paid rent to the Dicksons’ agent until 1859, when they discovered that the Dicksons had no title to the island. They paid no more rent, but continued to live there and improve the place. 

In 1883 they attempted to bring it under the provisions of the Real Property Act, but were unsuccessful at that time. They did secure an official place for a jetty to the west though, which was an application to 'maintain' a jetty, indicating it was already in place by the time this Notice was advertised:

Department of Lands,
Sydney. 18th November, 1884.
APPLICATION TO MAINTAIN A JETTY.

NOTICE is hereby given that application has been made by the parties hereunder mentioned to maintain a jetty in front of their property, particularized in the annexed description; and all persons interested are invited to state, within one month from this date, their objections, if any, why they should not be permitted to maintain the jetty in question.

JAMES S. FARNELL.

Registration No. Ms. 84-22637

Name of Applicants.

Joseph Benns and Charles Jenkins.

Description.

County of Cumberland, parish of Narrabeen, at Pitt Water, Scotland Island: Commencing on the high-water mark of Pitt Water, on the western side of Scotland Island; and bounded thence on the north by a line bearing westerly 168 feet; thence on the west by a line at right angles bearing southerly 5 feet; thence on the south by a line parallel to the first-mentioned boundary bearing easterly to to the aforesaid high-water mark ; and thence on the east by that high-water mark northerly, to the point of commencement. APPLICATION TO MAINTAIN A JETTY. (1884, November 25). New South Wales Government Gazette (Sydney, NSW : 1832 - 1900), p. 7906. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article221632993   

1881 to 1886 map - the cross on the west side of the island marks where Benns and Jenkins jetty was

Department of Lands,

Sydney. 19th May, 1885.

LEASES GRANTED FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES.

IT is hereby notified, for general information, that the undermentioned persons have been permitted to lease the land specified in the annexed Schedule, under the 38th clause of the Lands Acts Amendment Act of 1875, and 19th clause of the Lands Acts

Further Amendment Act of 1880.

The rent for each year must be paid in advance on or before the 31st December of the year preceding.

JAMES S. FARNELL.

Reg. No. I

85-1095 - Joseph Benns and Charles Jenkins. Situation of Land: Scotland Island, Pitt Water, Broken Bay. Area; 3 perches. Object of Lease; Jetty. Term of Lease From 1884. Jan. 1 to 1888. Dec 31. Annual Rent: £5. Conditions: The lease to confer no right of purchase, and the lessees to remove the structure without compensation whenever required by the Government to do so. LEASES GRANTED FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. (1885, May 19). New South Wales Government Gazette (Sydney, NSW : 1832 - 1900), p. 3222. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article221692677 

Worth noting in the same Notice:

Buckman & Christenson. Nambucca Heads, county of Raleigh. Area: 5 acres. Object of Lease: saw mill. Term: 1883 Jan 1 to 1887 Dec 31. Annual rent £10. Conditions: The lease to confer no right of purchase. A right-of-way 50 links above high water mark to be reserved for the use of the public, and any obstruction to the navigation of the channel of the river by discharging ballast from vessels trading in connection with the saw-mill to involve forfeiture of the lease. 

They then lost this for non-payment of the rent:

Department of Lands,
Sydney, 29th July, 1887

CANCELLATION OF SPECIAL LEASES.

IT is hereby notified, for general information, (hat the undermentioned Special Leases have been cancelled, for non-payment of rent.

[Occ. 87-7,706] THOS. GARRETT.

Benns & Jenkins - Scotland Island, Pitt water for Jetty £5 annual rent CANCELLATION OF SPECIAL LEASES. (1887, July 29). New South Wales Government Gazette (Sydney, NSW : 1832 - 1900), p. 4991. Retrieved  from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article222091093

David Dickson wrote from Adelaide on April 18 1889, stating that Scotland Island was the property of himself and his brother James, who was living in England and suffering from mental disability. However, he was unable to prove their ownership satisfactorily, and Certificates of Title were issued to Joseph Benns and Charles Jenkins on 8 February 1892, mainly on the grounds of continual possession. Land Titles Office Vol.1044 Fol.101 &102: 

They had brought ten to fifteen acres under cultivation, grazed cattle, horses, goats and other live-stock over the whole island, and constructed a path-way right round the island, cut into the sides of the hill. [LTO PA 6016]

Four days later, on 12 February 1892, Benns and Jenkins transferred their ownership of Scotland Island to William Wallace Elmslie (Doctor of Medicine – who took a mortgage with Alfred George Milson and Richard Holdsworth and the Stephens-Godbolds), and Charles Bond (Tailor; same per mortgage) and Thomas Wilshire (Civil Servant). [Vol- Fol 1052- 249 and 250 And Vol-Fol 1053-1]

Soon after the transfer of ownership, Charles John Jenkins died on 11 August 1892, aged 65 years. He was buried on 12 August in St. John’s Cemetery, Mona Vale.

Charles Jenkins left his share to his partner and Benns’s family. Charles Jenkins, mariner, and farmer on Scotland Island, Pittwater, was not related to James Jenkins and family (of Warriewood to Long Reef). 

Joseph Benns died on 29 March 1900 on Scotland Island, Pittwater, aged 84 years. His death certificate states that he was buried on 31 March 1900 in the Roman Catholic Cemetery, Bayview, by the Manly undertaker Thomas Waugh. The minister was Thomas Haydon of Manly, R.C. Priest, and witnesses to the burial were Samuel Morrison, J.P., the teacher at Pittwater Public School (located at Bayview), and John A. Ellison of Manly, cabinet maker.

There was no Roman Catholic Church at Bayview, and the small cemetery at Church Point was Protestant. Most of Bayview’s residents were Protestant, except for John Roche’s family, whose 80 acre property included the Bayview Post Office. The Roches were devout Roman Catholics. A grave apparently existed on this property for some years but was covered over when the road was made to Church Point. The evidence points to this site, on the Roches’ land, as being the most likely location of any Roman Catholic Cemetery at Bayview in 1900.

Elmslie has discharged his mortgage by May 21st 1894 – becomes Vol- Fol: 1142-36 - for all three holdings with William Wallace Elmslie issued the Certificate of Title in 1894, and then taking out a new Mortgage:

Although the island is once again placed on the market, it doesn't sell:

AN ISLAND OFFERED AT AUCTION. That picturesque spot at Pittwater known as Scotland Island, containing about 130 acres, was offered at auction yesterday by Messrs. Richardson and Wrench, Limited, by order of the mortgagee. After £1100 had been bid, the property was withdrawn, that price being much under the mortgagee's valuation. AN ISLAND OFFERED AT AUCTION. (1900, May 5). Evening News (Sydney, NSW : 1869 - 1931), p. 6. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article113717954 

This is then transferred to The Permanent Trustee Company of NSW on August 17th, 1900 and becomes Vol-Fol: 1328-141 – wherein it is shown Patrick Thomson Taylor (of Mosman and Bayview) has been issued with a Certificate of Title registered on September 13th, 1900 from the Permanent Trustee Co and Alfred George Milson (mortgagees) with a power of sale.

Family anecdotes from his grandchildren state Mr. Taylor ran polo ponies on the island, some of which took part in matches at Brock's 'The Oaks' at Mona Vale.

There is no granting of a Special Lease or a Permissive Occupancy registered or 'maintained' during this period, although a substantial projection to the east can be seen in the above Certificate of Title, dated 1900, and for Mr. Taylor's overseeing of the island for 6 years.

P T Taylor sells to Helen White (of Darling Point), widow, on May 25th, 1906. Mary Helen McMillan was born January 4th, 1857 to James Coutts Mcmillan and Mary (nee Overall). Her father was a draper, originally from Airntully in Scotland. The McMillans moved from Hobart to Launceston, setting up a new Drapers business there. James McMillan, after writing a Will leaving his assets to his wife and in trust for his daughters, was one of the 220 souls 'Lost At Sea on "London" in Bay of Biscay' on January 11th, 1866. It may be he as on a buying trip when this occurred. 

Henry Charles White was a grazier from a formidable family of landowners, sheep developers and pedigree horse breeders. Family records indicate he, with his first wife, used to bring their children to holiday in Tasmania during hotter months. With wife Isabella Mary Anne (nee Lowe) he had four daughters and two sons. Tragically Isabella died in childbirth in 1875.

He was near Launceston soon after the passing of his wife buying a prize ram. He is supported vocally by the owner of a Launceston newspaper, and one time acquaintance of Mary's father. At age 20, as a 'Minor' according to her marriage certificate, Mary marries H. C. White:

WHITE—McMILLAN— On the 10th March, by the Rev. James Lindsay, at the residence of the bride's mother, H. C. White, of Glenalvon, Murrurundi, New South Wales, to Mary Ellen, eldest daughter of the late J. C. McMillan. Family Notices. (1877, March 13). Launceston Examiner (Tas. : 1842 - 1899), p. 2. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article37147181 

March 13th, at her residence, “Fiona” Double Bay, Mrs. H C. White, of a daughter. Family Notices. (1878, March 16). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 1. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article18827987 

They have Gwendolen Mabel White 1878–, Ivy Victoria White 1880–1971, Nea Vivien White 1882–1950, Roy Mordaunt White 1895–1921 and Hal Owena White 1901–1909. 

Helen White would lose her husband in 1905 (passed away in Hobart) and go on to marry twice again, becoming a Swedish Countess and then a French Marquise.

Under her ownership the island is subdivided with subsequent 1906 land sales record (with balance in 5 years to settle) includes, by 1972 and 1978, the Water Board and Warringah Shire Council resumptions (Vol-Fol 1377-183 for WSC).

Among the earliest and few land sales from this subdivision is the still existing Bangalla, Scotland Island, where one of the first private jetties, baths and boatsheds for the island was. Importantly, the Lithograph for these sales shows the placement of wharves in order for people to access the island, even if no one seems to be giving the State government their Crown Lands/Waters rental dues:

Hardie & Gorman Pty. Ltd & Cantle, J. M & Dobbie, S. R & Smith, W. E. (1906). Scotland Island, Pittwater water frontage blocks Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-230480849  

NB on Lithograph: today's Tennis Court Wharf is called the 'Old Wharf' and the placement of current 'Cargo Wharf' where Benns' and Jenkins' jetty was, officially being maintained by 1884.

SCOTLAND ISLAND. — Hardie and Gorman, on Saturday, November 10, will offer 100 water frontage blocks on Scotland Island. Pittwater, near Manly. The terms are 10 per cent., the balance over ten years. Plans are available. COMING SALES. (1906, October 28). Sunday Times (Sydney, NSW : 1895 - 1930), p. 2. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article126557176 

Advertising (1906, November 9). The Australian Star (Sydney, NSW : 1887 - 1909), p. 7. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228493268 

Balsnacray: Balshagray Avenue (?) Glasgow

Hughenden: Hughenden is a town and locality in the Shire of Flinders, Queensland. The region in the vicinity of Hughenden was originally known as Mokana in the Yirandhali language. British occupation began in October 1861 with the expedition group led by Frederick Walker camping near the site of the future township of Hughenden. Pastoralists soon followed and in 1863 Ernest Henry and his cousin Robert Gray established the Hughenden sheep station. Hughenden was named after Hughenden Manor in Buckinghamshire, England, the home of former British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli. Robert Gray and Ernest Henry both had a family connection with Hughenden Manor. Mary Francis Norris, the daughter of John Norris of Hughenden Manor was Henry's mother and Robert's aunt.

Athole Crescent: Atholl or Athole (Scottish Gaelic: Athall; Old Gaelic Athfhotla) is a large historical division in the Scottish Highlands, bordering (in anti-clockwise order, from Northeast) Marr, Badenoch, Lochaber, Breadalbane, Strathearn, Perth, and Gowrie. Today it forms the northern part of Perth and Kinross, Scotland. In Scottish Gaelic the name is Athall, which derives from the Old Irish Ath-fhotla, or 'New Ireland' (Fotla being a traditional name for Ireland). This is thought to derive from the period of Gaelic settlement of Scotland, which was previously inhabited by the Picts.

Helen White land sales in Vol-Fol: 1328-141:

As can be seen, very few sales took place of these large lots, and although there were subsequent sales in 1911, and 1912, and a few in between, despite all the singing or remonstrating in newspapers, the attractions of isolation and being part of a smaller community weren't enough to secure land sales.

SCOTLAND ISLAND.

Mr. A J. Vogan writes:— 

"What Vesuvius is to Naples, Mount Eden to Auckland, or "Our Beautiful Harbor" to Sydney, so is Scotland Island to Pittwater. And this lovely 'Isle of Eden' is now to be handed over to the 'week-ender, who has desecrated what was once our peaceful and beautiful Middle Harbor, and rendered many of our other one-time holiday picnic spots wildernesses of uncouth huts where half-savage creatures give full play to their atavistic cravings, to the annoyance of civilised folk and to the destruction of the scenery.

"When In March, 1788, Captain-Governor Phillip, the first explorer of Broken Bay, wrote 'Immediately round the headland that forms the southern entrance to the port there is a third branch, which I think the finest piece of water I ever saw,' he was only voicing what was to be the general opinion of most of those who were to follow in his footsteps. It has been my privilege and business to visit many of the most beautiful places in the world, and I know every portion of Australia, and, with, perhaps the exception of Hinchinbrook channel and its neighbor, Mourillyan Harbor, Pittwater remains peerless to-day amongst Australian scenic gems. Yet we Sydney folk who have this at our doors are going to allow that vandal, the bachelor 'week-ender' to desecrate this pearl amongst places. 

"This Island was reported on as the most suitable spot for the naval college; but land-agent wile and political pull erased the verdict of the experts. Better this far than to surrender this island to the fate of Middle Harbor with its huts, its dancing bells, its insanitary 'sanitary' depots pouring typhoid germs into its waters and its 'week-end' drunken bowlings and indecencies." "It is characteristic of your paper that the public was first made aware of this projected sacrilege through Its columns." SCOTLAND ISLAND. (1911, September 29). The Sun (Sydney, NSW : 1910 - 1954), p. 15 (LATEST EDITION). Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article221546281 

Subdivision of Scotland Island . Week-end Residences or Marine Homes.

The famous Scotland Island at the mouth of the Hawkesbury, a spot which the Government should never have sold, but preserved as a marine park, has now been subdivided and is for auction sale on Saturday, November 25, the auctioneers being Messrs. Stanton and Son, Pitt-street. This auction sale affords people an opportunity of securing a unique restful home in one of the most charming marine spots in Australia. For a century this has been the locality of fishing and marine excursions, and scores of times efforts were made to secure the purchase of the Island from the Government; but, as has already been announced, private success in this direction was only recently effected. When it was known that, so charming and isolated a marine spot as Scotland Island had been secured in private purchase, great efforts were made to induce the Government to resume possession; but it was decided not to disturb the people who had now become the owners. I ro'ii all this, the value of Scotland Island will be fairly well estimated, and it is satisfactory to find that a very liberal plan of subdivision has been decided on, ensuring the creation of many seaside homes in this delightful quarter. No doubt weekend residences on the bungalow line will prove a big boom to Sydney business men and other- who desire a change, or who need to recuperate, and certainly the terms of sale will facilitate the purchases. Subdivision of Scotland Island. (1911, November 11). The Newsletter: an Australian Paper for Australian People (Sydney, NSW : 1900 - 1918), p. 3. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article102805326 

SCOTLAND ISLAND

Those who delight in yachting, sailing, boating, bathing, should be enraptured with Scotland Island Next Saturday, at 3 p.m., Scotland Island, aptly named "Pride of Pittwater," will be sold will be sold by auction on the ground by Messrs. Stanton and Son.

Special motor buses will run from Manly on the day of the sale. and a special steamer will also leave the Gosford Wharf at the foot of Erskine street for the scene. The Island is only a few miles from Manly, and with Church Point, Pittwater. on the one side, and Newport on the other, it is an ideal place for lovers of outdoor recreation. The Pittwater district has of late made great progress and the Government is now building a tram line to Narrabeen, and at an early date intends extending the line to Pittwater and Newport.. The Hornsby railway line may also be extended to Pittwater, and this will, of course, add greatly to the value of property in the vicinity. There are only 80 water front allotments to be submitted. and they are really fine blocks. being of two acres. The phenomenal demand for plans points to a record sale. Every allotment is to be sold practically without reserve. The terms are long and the title Torrens. SCOTLAND ISLAND. (1911, November 20). The Daily Telegraph (Sydney, NSW : 1883 - 1930), p. 12. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article239198390 

Scotland Island. The Manly-Pittwater tram will very shortly now be opened to Narrabeen, and those desirous of securing week-end blocks in the delightful neighborhood of Pittwater will have an opportunity on Saturday next of bidding for the water frontages of one of the most unique positions on the coast. As Garden Island in Sydney Harbor, so is the historic Scotland Island to the Pittwater  Lake. There is no doubt this beautiful island, which surely-should have been purchased by the Government, will, in this aristocratic quarter of the district, and those purchasing now will reap the benefit as soon as the tram opens. The areas are big, and so as to give the purchasers a real residential picnic block worth having, the averages being 100ft. frontage to deep water with a depth of 600ft. A special steamer leaves Gosford Wharf on Saturday and motor buses leave Manly in time for the sale at special excursion return rates. Tickets are printable from Messrs. Stanton and Son, the auctioneers, Pitt-street. Scotland Island. (1911, November 25). The Newsletter: an Australian Paper for Australian People (Sydney, NSW : 1900 - 1918), p. 9. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article102802821 

Judging by the tickets that have been sold, there will be a rush this afternoon for Scotland Island in the famous Pittwater district. The Island has been subdivided into 80 magnificent two-acre water frontage allotments, and these are to be sold by Messrs. Stanton and Son. Intending buyers have the choice of two routes to the sale to-day. Special motor 'buses are to run from the wharf at Manly, but for those who desire a sea trip a steamer will leave the foot of Erskine-street in time for the sale. In the centre of the island an area has been reserved to be known as Glasgow Park. REAL ESTATE. (1911, November 25). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 13. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article15291764 

Lithograph and Pamphlet, Items: SLNSW_FL9057166 and SLNSW_FL9057285 courtesy State Library of NSW, Pittwater Subdivision Plans folder, once again showing the 'Old Wharf' site and the Benns/Jenkins site of their jetty:

(Before the Chief Judge, Mr. Justice Street.)

SCOTLAND ISLAND ALLOTMENTS.

Peek v Union Trustee Company of Australia, Limited.

Reserved Judgment was delivered in the suit In which the plaintiff, Rupert de Lacey Peek; asked, among other things, for a declaration that a certain agreement, which was subsequently modified, with respect to the sale of a number of allotments of land on Scotland Island, near Pittwater, ought to be specifically performed and carried into execution by the defendants, the Union Trustee Company of Australia, Ltd., and that the same be decreed accordingly.

Plaintiff claimed that on December 30, 1921, at the instance of Gwendoline Mab McLachlan, executrix of the will of the late Mary Helen de Massue, Marquise de Ruvigny, the defendants were appointed her attorneys for the purpose of obtaining letters of administration with the will annexed of the estate of the deceased. One of the assets in the estate consisted of a number of unsold allotments of land at Scotland Island. Messrs. McDonald and Watson, It was alleged, were the appointed agents for the purpose of the sale of the allotments. On September 6, 1922, McDonald and Watson wrote to the plaintiff, advising him that they had asked the defendants for an option In his name to purchase the allotments for £5000, on certain terms; and that the defendants had informed them that they were willing to dispose of the whole of the unsold portion of Scotland Island to him for £5250, on certain terms, including a cash deposit of £1000. On September 18 he paid to the defendants a preliminary deposit of £10 In connection with the purchase, for which he obtained a receipt. Subsequently the contract was modified in certain respects. He had always been ready and willing, and hereby offered to perform the agreement In all respects, but the defendants had repudiated it, and refused and neglected to perform it. Plaintiff also asked that In addition to, or in lieu of, specific performance of the agreement be modified, the defendants be ordered to pay him the damages he had sustained by reason of their refusal to perform the contract; and that the defendants be restrained by injunction from selling, mortgaging, or otherwise dealing with the lands, except under his direction.

The defendants denied that McDonald and Watson were their agents In the matter of the sale; and that the agreement was as alleged In the statement of claim- They asserted that the plaintiff did not pay the deposit within the time fixed by the agreement as mutually varied by him and them, where-upon they rescinded the contract, to which the plaintiff acquiesced. ' After the recession of the contract (If any) and the plaintiff's acquiescence In the same, they re-sold the allotments. They submitted that in the circumstances mentioned the plaintiff was not now entitled to a decree for specific performance of the agreement. Neither the contract alleged in the statement of claim as having been originally made, nor as ...., was in writing, and there was no written memorandum signed by them or anyone lawfully authorised by them to do so; and they submitted that the suit should be dismissed with costs. By way of counter claim the defendants pleaded that the plaintiff had filed a caveat forbidding any dealings with the lands. They were desirous of applying to have the lands transferred to them as administrators of the estate of the deceased, and so transferring the properties to purchasers from them. They asked that the plaintiff's caveat be rescinded, and that he be ordered to pay the costs of the counter-claim.

His Honor, after reviewing the facts, said it was clear that as the company broke off negotiations before it signed the formal document, there was no existing contract enforceable against it, and it was not really material to consider whether it acted reasonably or unreasonably in doing so. He thought, however, that the company had acted justifiably and reasonably in breaking off negotiations. It was obvious that the plaintiff was never in a position to carry out his purchase, and that his tactics all through really amounted to an endeavour to obtain what was in substance an option of purchase while he looked round to try and find someone to finance him in the matter. The company showed him a considerable amount of indulgence, but, in the position in which it stood, it could not allow that state of affairs to continue indefinitely, and his Honor thought that it was Justified In calling a halt when it did. He thought, therefore, that the suit failed, and must be dismissed, with costs. The counter claim, which asked that a caveat against dealings lodged by the plaintiff might be removed, would be allowed, with costs.

Mr. E. F. McDonald (instructed by Messrs. A. E. Whatmore and Lee) appeared for the plaintiff; and Mr. Maughan, K.C., and Mr. R. K. Manning (instructed by Messrs. Priddle and Gosling) represented the defendants. IN EQUITY. (1923, December 8). The Sydney Morning Herald(NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 13. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article16124649 

In the meantime, while that was being settled and the covenant lifted, the trees were being sold and tenders called for pathways, wharves and baths:

To Mine Owners and Others. TENDERS are invited for the Purchase of the Timber on Scotland Island, Pittwater; mostly spotted gum, of 6 ft.- 8 inches in diameter, all straight and good milling. Deep-water wharf for loading same. Tenders close 1st of March. Box 2892 GPO Sydney. Advertising (1923, February 19). The Newcastle Sun (NSW : 1918 - 1954), p. 8. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article163197818 

Pittwater — Construction of three wharves and baths at Scotland Island .. .. .. .. . . . . .. .. .. August 14— Hardy, Busby & Norman. 375 George-street, Sydney. TENDERS. (1923, July 4). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 11. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article16078336 

Scotland Island. Erection of chains of pathway In Scotland Island, Pittwater. Messrs. Hardy, Busby, and Norman, civil engineers, 375 George-street, city. TENDERS. (1924, January 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 7. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article16120773 

Pittwater— Formation of about 120 chains of Pathway on Scotland Island .. ....  .. .. January 12 — Hardy, Busby & Norman. 375 George-street, Sydney.  Advertising (1924, January 9). Construction and Local Government Journal (Sydney, NSW : 1913 - 1930), p. 3. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article109759926 

Union Trustee Helens Vol-Fol 3598-214:

Still just two wharves associated directly with the estate:

And even a land transfer taking place before the Executors arranged for Herbert Fitzpatrick and Mr. Ducker to take over. This one is worth noting as it's where Robertson road on the island is derived from - and although this is registered in June 1925, and not in the above records until June 1928, Douglas Robertson had been there at Lot 7 at least a year prior to this:

Douglas George Robertson, born 1888, was the only son of bookseller George (1860-1933) and his wife Elizabeth. He had two sisters, Bessie, born in 1882 (her parents married April 5th 1882), and Mary Douglas Robertson, born 1883. His eldest sister Bessie, active in the Church, married (Sir) John Alexander, son of Rev. John Ferguson. Mrs Robertson died in 1908 and on 13 September 1910 his father married Eva Adeline Ducat, a family friend, at St Stephen's Church.

Rev. John Ferguson oversaw his own marriage as well to Louisa Werry:

ROBERTSON-WERRY.-January 17, at St. Stephen's Church, Sydney, by the Rev. John Ferguson, Douglas, only son of George Robertson, late of Ellamatta-avenue, Mosman, to Louie, youngest daughter of John Werry, Harwood Island, Clarence River. Family Notices (1914, April 4). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 22. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article15473813

Where Robertsons' original Lot 7 was, and showing a house called 'Yamda' on the sales lithograph is what locals today refer to as a home called 'Yamba', a place he seemingly didn't hold on to for very long, although his son, named George as well and born September 6 1917, lists his fathers' address as being as 'Reiwar', Newport, Pittwater when he enlists in the AIF in 1941, as well as listing his father's address as '134 Murriverie Road, North Bondi'. NANCY E (born 1915) MARJORIE F (born 1916), FRANCIS D (born 1919) and JOYCE A (born 1921) births all registered at Waverly. His son states in his military records he was born at Bondi.

Douglas and Louisa divorced in July 1926.

When Douglas G's father passed away in August 1933 he left the entirety of his estate to his second wife. Douglas didn't attend the funeral, according to the papers, although his ex-wife and four of his children did:

LATE MR. GEORGE ROBERTSON

LARGE ATTENDANCE AT FUNERAL

Writers, authors, and other professional citizens attended In force the funeral yesterday of Mr. George Robertson, of Angus and Robertson, Ltd., at the Rookwood Crematorium. A service at St. Stephen's Church, Phillip Street, was conducted by aev J. S. Rapkins, of Blackheath, who said Mr. Robertson had done great work In moulding the literature of Australia The chief mourners were:— Mrs. Eva Robertson (widow). Mr. and Mrs. J. A. Ferguson, Mrs. M. B. Boyd, Mrs. L. Robertson, Mr. Geo. A. Ferguson, Mr Bruce Ferguson, Miss Margaret Ferguson, Master Colin Ferguson, Masters George and Frank Robertson, Misses Nancie and Marjorie Robertson. Representing the directors of Angus and Robertson. Ltd.. were: Messrs. R. Thompson, W. T. Jones, W. a. Cousins. A. A. Ritchie, W. T. Kirwan, and T. S. Russell. LATE MR. GEORGE ROBERTSON (1933, August 29). The Daily Telegraph (Sydney, NSW : 1931 - 1954), p. 9. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article248130639

A court case ensued in 1935

PUBLISHER’S SON SEEKS HELP

Robertson Family's Affairs

SYDNEY, Thursday. — Douglas George Robertson applied today in the Equity Court for an order for maintenance from the estate of his father, George Robertson, former managing director of Angus and Robertson Ltd., who died last August leaving an estate valued at £11,073.

Robertson said he had begun work as a shop assistant in the book store ' at 14 for 7/6 a week. His father, in a letter, told him there was no vacancy ' on the staff and if there were one he would not give it to him. He was housing and keeping his wife and family, and he found that quite enough in these times. In the meantime, as the “weather was so rotten” and he might be unable to work, he enclosed a cheque for £5.

Stepmother’s Help

MRS. EVA ADELINE ROBERTSON, widow of George Robertson, said that Douglas Robertson, her stepson, had put his wife and family out of his house and, at her husband’s request, she had kept them at her cottage at Ettalong for nine weeks. Her husband told her that he had amply provided for his son during his lifetime, and he could not look to him for further assistance.

Mrs. Robertson said the son called to see his father, who told him to get out. adding: “I never want to see you in this world or the next.”

 “Father Domineering”

ROBERTSON, in denying he had put his wife and family out of the house, attributed a good deal of his misfortune to his father’s domineering and adamant attitude in certain matters. The differences between his wife and himself were caused by his sister-in-law, Mrs. Ada Werry.

Mrs. Robertson, In reply, said Mrs. Werry, who was not largely responsible for her stepson's domestic troubles, had been kind to his wife and children, and assisted in every way in their care.

Mr. Kerrigan (for Robertson) said the estate was now worth £22,073 through the increased value of the shares of the company. The hearing is incomplete. PUBLISHER’S SON SEEKS HELP (1935, May 31). The Sun News-Pictorial (Melbourne, Vic. : 1922 - 1954; 1956), p. 12. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article276776473

PUBLISHER'S WILL

Son's Claim Against Estate

SYDNEY Friday-In the Equity Court before Mr Justice Long Innes. Douglas George Robertson of Newport made application under the Testators Family Maintenance Act for an order in respect of the estate of his late father George Robertson.

The testator formerly a director of Angus and Robertson Ltd booksellers and publishers died on August 27 1933 leaving an estate which was sworn for probate at £ 11 073. He left a widow and three children by a former marriage. The applicant was not a beneficiary under the will. He stated that he was aged 48 years. He married in 1914 but since 1926 had been living apart from his wife with whom the five children of the marriage remained. He had been employed by Angus and Robertson Ltd until 1926. He was receiving £8 10/ a week and had £4 300 shares in the company of which 2 000 had been given to him by his father and the remainder accrued on reconstruction. He had sold 2 300 of the shares to purchase a home in 1924 and before the separation from his wife had settled the remainder (2 000) to provide for his children the Income being payable to his wife for that purpose. The applicant added that he was in such bad health that he was unable to do any work. He had no means. In affidavits reference was made to differences and disputes The hearing was not concluded. PUBLISHER'S WILL (1935, June 1). The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957), p. 26. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12244302

Some of that purchase money derived from those shares would have been spent building 'Yamba', indicating the original home must have been substantial, as well as the wharf that would have given access to the property.

SON'S CLAIM FROM FATHER'S ESTATE

SYDNEY, Tuesday.

Mr. Justice Long-Innes, in the Equity Court to-day, granted Douglas George Robertson an order for the payment of £3/10/ a week from the estate of his father, the late George Robertson, former managing director of Angus and Robertson Ltd., book-sellers, who left an estate of' £11,073. The judge said that apparently the trouble between the father and son originally arose as the result of differences between the applicant and his wife. SON'S CLAIM (1935, June 5). Daily Advertiser (Wagga Wagga, NSW : 1911 - 1954), p. 1. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article144549521

The payment equates to around $385.00 a week in current terms, just below a pension or unemployment support benefit, before the extra £8 10/ a week for his shares referenced, or around another $993.00 a week in today's terms. Although possibly deemed by many not a huge amount for the only son of one of Australia's biggest publishers with 5 children to support, even without the full story of what caused the rift between he and his wife and how much of this was then used to support them. It was certainly more than most though with a good wage, which had dropped since the stock market crash of 1929, stated to be on June 30, 1934 being listed £4/1/7 for males and £2/3/10 for females, and the first increase since wages had declined. The house at Bondi certainly wasn't palatial, but neither were the wages of women who had children to support. 

A Biography of Douglas' father states: ''As an employer he was autocratic and had a reputation for roaring at his staff. He could be blunt, quick-tempered and stubborn, but was also generous and always ready to publish a worthy book .. to help a needy author financially.''

These Notices appear in 1927, when Louisa and Douglas' family had fallen apart, and he was losing 'Yamba', just north of today's Cargo Wharf on Scotland Island:

A petition was filed by S. Hoffnung and Co., Ltd., of Pitt Street, Sydney, merchants, against the estate of H. A Cameron-Collins, of New Brighton Hotel, Manly, the hearing being fixed for November 18, which was the date fixed for the hearing of a petition by Mary Janet Noble, of Brighton Boulevarde, Bondi, against the estate of Douglas George Robertson, of Yamba, Scotland Island, Church Point. Yesterday's Bankruptcy Business (1927, November 10). The Daily Telegraph (Sydney, NSW : 1883 - 1930), p. 16. Retrieved  from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article246400928

Leave was given for the withdrawal of the petition by Mary Janet Noble against the estate of Douglas George Robertson. Yesterday's Bankruptcy Business (1927, November 29). The Daily Telegraph (Sydney, NSW : 1883 - 1930), p. 11. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article246395536

Although he'd paid off his original mortgage in 1927, he opened another with a lady living in Bronte, Janet Helen Anderson, who sold it in January 1928 to a Joseph Henry Stevenson who sold it later that year to Mildred Rosamund Deaton, wife of Robert, who onsold the property after her estate was probated in 1937.

Interestingly, David Mackenzie Angus who retired from Angus and Robertson due to ill health in 1899, sold his share in the firm was to Frederick Wymark, the father of Charles Wymark, who obtained permission to build over a part of Pittwater and which became 'The Pasadena'. He renewed that 26 perches until he sold:

WYMARK—LAWSON.—November 14, 1929, at St.  Stephen's Church, Sydney, by the Rev. Dr. Scott West, Charles Frederick, son of Mr. and Mrs. F. V. O. Wymark, of Rose Bay, to Lennox Mary, youngest daughter of the late J. R. and Mrs. Lawson of Turramurra. Family Notices. (1930, February 1). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 16. Retrieved November 29, 2013, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article16622395

Pittwater. THE young Charles Wymark pair are in the thick of entertaining at their perfectly new house at Pittwater, where, as yet, a cracked cup is not. Chief delight is a swimming pool to give background to 'those beach pyjamas.' Jottings of a Lady about Town. (1929, December 22). Truth(Sydney, NSW : 1894 - 1954), p. 16. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article169322253 

Tenders Approved: Bayview. — Bungalow, Bay view Road. — C. Wymark, Church Point. COTTAGES. (1930, May 14). Construction and Local Government Journal (Sydney, NSW : 1913 - 1930), p. 2. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article133474365 

Tenders Called. Church Point. — Construction of approximately 350ft. of 18 inch Reinforced Concrete Beam, and approx. 90 Reinforced Concrete Piers. All building material supplied, but supply own forms and to use not less than a one bag mixer.— C. Wymark, Church Point, via Manly. UNDATED. (1930, June 18). Construction and Local Government Journal (Sydney, NSW : 1913 - 1930), p. 9. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article133474807

Tenders Accepted. Church Point— Store, Cabaret, Garage and Boatshed.— C. Wymark, Church Point. - MISCELLANEOUS. (1930, February 19). Construction and Local Government Journal (Sydney, NSW : 1913 - 1930), p. 2. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article133475634

APPLICATIONS FOR LEASES FOE SPECIAL PURPOSES.

THE undermentioned applications have been received for Special Leases of the lands and for the purposes hereunder stated. It is the intention to grant leases should no sufficient objection be found to exist, after inquiry by the Land Board and cpnsideration by the Minister.

Any objections will receive due consideration if lodged in writing with the District Surveyor for the Land Board District in which the land is situated, on or before the date hereunder specified.

E. A. BUTTENSHAW, Minister for Lands.

Parish Narrabeen, county Cumberland; Special Lease 27-9, Metropolitan, for boatshed. Land applied for— about 26 perches, below high-water mark of Pittwater, fronting Quarter Sessions road, Church Point. Applicant—Charles Wymark. Objections may be lodged at the Land Board Office, Sydney. (201). APPLICATIONS FOR LEASES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. (1937, February 19). Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001), p. 819. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article224742614

Warringah Shire Council minutes from meetings records provide an insight into the works being approved by the then council, and a few incidentals worth noting, that intersect with the advertised Tenders from February 1923, July 1923 for the wharves and baths, and January 1924 for the remaining pathway/road connections.

The Minutes of the Ordinary Meeting of 9th April,1923 record; Contd. – Barrenjoey – Lands Department .23/3/3, intimating that portion of the Barrenjoey Headland Reserve will be placed under the Council's control as a public recreation reserve. Received. Hardy, Busby & Norman, 28/3/23, agreeing to Council's requests respecting Scotland Island subdivision, but asking for modification of the requirement that the various Sub. sections of the new road be linked up through the intervening alienated lots; Agreed to, (Crs. Ellsworth & Corkery) 

The April 23rd 1923 Meeting records:

S. R. Hummerston 9/4/23, submitting, for approval, specification of wharves which he has contracted to erect on Scotland Island for the owner of the estate: referred to Engineer.

Minutes of Meeting of 21st May. 1923 - Contd.- Resolved; - (Crs. McKillop, Ellsworth) That the amended plan of 'Scotland Island Subdivision submitted by Messrs. Hardy. Busby & Norman be approved provided (1) the minimum frontage of each Lot be increased to 33'ft.,; (2) where the middle road is not continued through the alienated lots, connection be made to the adjoining road, and (3) that roads and wharves be constructed to the Council's requirements. Resolved, - (Crs. McKillop, Atkins) That the report regarding the wharves of Scotland Island Estate be adopted. Resolved', - (Crs' Hewitt,' Hitchcock) That the steps at the Clareville Wharf be rebuilt and new pile installed and that the Engineer be authorised to arrange for the work to be done by a local contractor.

That report is not available and may have provided original widths, number of piles and materials required to be used - which in turn would have provided whether these were being built to last or just to long enough to sell land. A later council meeting notice requests and approves the use of turpentine sheeting instead of wire for the three baths alongside and attached to Bells, Eastern and Tennis Court wharves for this subdivision. Turpentine trees are still the main Australian species for marine pilings, as its high silica content makes it resistant to Teredinidae marine borers - this problem appears in other council minutes of this era with Cr. Hitchcock requesting an inspection of all Pittwater wharves be undertaken and steps to ensure products/treatments are applied to reduce the amount of piles and boards that will need replacement and the timeframe for having to do so. 

The Meeting held June 5th, 1923 shows the wharves, and this time the baths are being approved, this time with an addendum about them being public ones, following which the Tender is advertised in the first week of July 1923:

Scotland Island Estate., Resolved; Crs. Hitchcock, Campbell the plans of wharves and baths for Scotland Island Estate be approved, as recommended, provided that they be marked on the plan as ‘public wharves’ and ‘public baths’; respectively

At the Meeting held November 5th 1923:

John Hiller and Co,. 27/110/23; furnishing conditions under which the Lands Department will permit road through Kuring-gai Chase leading to West Head to be be opened up, namely; That the Council undertake, the construction and upkeep of the road established, and the writers pay all survey fees, &c. A letter was also read from A. G. O'Donnell, agent for the owner of the Estate, 3/11/ 23 (Commodore Heights), intimating that if the Council would assist in obtaining dedication of the road, and agreeing to the Lands Department's Conditions, his clients would improve the road at a cost of about £6 per chain for the whole length., and would maintain it for a period of two years. Resolved,(Crs. Hewitt, Commodore Heights Estate. Hitchcock) That they be informed the Council is willing to Ct . accept the offer for the construction of the road, and, when satisfactory agreements have been completed, the Council is ready to send on to the Lands Department an undertaking, as  required by it, for the construction and maintenance of the road… 9. S. Emmett, submitting plan of subdivision of Lot 75, Scotland Island : resolved; (Crs. Hewitt, Ritckat he be informed the Council can only approve of the opening of a road through his allotment in conjunction with a road through all adjoining allotments, as proposed by the owners of the Estate,

The April 7th, 1924 sheds an insight into materials for the baths:

12. Hardy, Busby &Norman, re Scotland Island Subdivision and stating proposal to construct a pathway in Elvina crescent and a Tennis Court in Catherine Park: Resolved, - (Crs. Hewitt Capbell)'That the Council approve of the proposal. 13. Same. 24/3/24, re same estate, and stating proposal to substitute sawn turpentine sheeting for galvanised wire mesh in baths to be constructed : Resolved; (Crs. Hewitt,Campbell) That the Council approve;

The Meeting held April 14th 1924 records:

Item 8. Resolved, - (Crs.- Hitchcock, Hewitt) That in consideration of further work done, £250 of the guarantee lodged in respect of Scotland Island Subdivision, be refunded. 

The June 19 1924 Minutes show the surveyors are done:

Hardy, Busby and Norman 4/6/24, submitting Deposited Plan of Scotland Island Estate for affixing of Council's Seal and also Memorandum of Dedication of portion of original Lot 7 of Scotland Island as on extension of the circular road. Resolved, (Crs. Hewitt, Hitchcock) That the Council accept dedication for the purposes of the public highway, of the piece of land edged red on the plan annexed to the Memorandum of Dedication by D. G. Robertson.

Deposited Plan Lithograph and sections from to show wharves and baths and the names of 'Florence Bay' and 'Robertsons' Bay'. Item: SLNSW_FL15224785 -courtesy State Library of NSW, Pittwater Subdivisions folder

The sales lithograph shows where Bells and Eastern wharves are to be built, along with an extension of today's Tennis Courts wharf and baths alongside each as well. 

At this time Mr. Fitzpatrick and Mr. Ducker took over everything not yet sold. Scotland Island Estates Ltd. was registered in February 1924 and becomes the seller of all unsold Lots with the Certificates of Title being registered from May 6th, 1926.

REGISTERED COMPANIES.  

“SCOTLAND ISLAND ESTATES, LIMITED”—Regd. 15.2.24. No.  99801. Capital: £10,000 in 5500 ordinary and 4500 cumulative preference £1 shares. Objects: To acquire by agreement all that piece  of land situated in the Parish of Narrabeen, County of Cumberland,  known as “Scotland Island.” Subscribers to Memo, of Assn.: Herbert James Fitzpatrick, Arthur R. W. Ducker, Florence A. Fitzpatrick, Elsie M. Fitzpatrick, Constance M. Ducker, Phillis C. Ducker,  and Lawrence A. Ducker (1 share each 1 ). First Governing Directors:  Herbert James Fitzpatrick and Arthur R. W. Ducker. Regd. Office:  Sydney.   Vol. 31 No. 8 (February 25, 1924). REGISTERED COMPANIES., Dun's gazette for New South Wales Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-784521940 

The last apsects were the dedication of the public areas on the island itself.

The June 24 1924 WSC meeting records:

Scotland Island Estate Ltd. stating that they bought only unsold allotments in the original Scotland Island subdivision and have no title to the park on the upper part. Resolved: - (Crs. McKillop, Campbell) That the Council's Solicitors be instructed to take the necessary steps to have the park on the upper part of Scotland Island dedicated and that final approval to the plan be deferred until such dedication is effected. 16, George Wheeler, offering Portion 45, Parish. Manly Cove, containing +20 acres as a public recreation reserve for £1500. Resolved, - (Crs.McKillop, Campbell) That he be thanked for his offer, but informed the Council has no funds for further acquisitions of parks at the present time. 

By the July 7 1924 meeting discussions about the park are done via official correspondence and the wharves are almost complete, just a year after the Tender was first advertised, and ready to be used:

15. Union Trustee Co. of Australia Ltd. 30/6/24. Agents for the estate Marquise de Ruvigny, Deceased, stating they are prepared to execute any necessary document for the dedication of the Park on Scotland Island. Resolved, - (Crs. Rayner, Hewitt) That the Seal of the Council be affixed to the Deposited plan of Scotland Island Estate immediately, the Shire Solicitor be advised there will be no hindrance to the transfer going through, and the Solicitors be asked to expedite the matter. 16. Hardy, Busby and Norman, 2/7/24, intimating that the wharves and pathways on Scotland Island are almost completed, and asking that an early inspection be made, (Dealt with earlier in the meeting,) 53. Hardy, Busby and Norman. submitting plan of proposed subdivision by Mrs. Mcdougall's Lot 36 of Scotland Island (original.) Resolved: (Crs. Hewitt, Hitchcock) That approval be given. 

Most of the original lots facing west were of one acre each in the original subdivision. E.G. Lot 76 of original 1906 subdivision, sold to Alexander Livingtsone Kerr (Vol-Fol 2065-49), while Lot 75 on May 10 1910 and backing onto Athole Crescent of then, were larger. This was sold on February 7 1913 to Nellie Allen, wife of Alfred Allen, Architect, of Sydney. She sold again on December 6 1920 to George Macquarie Paine of Narrabeen, Grazier. Solicitors John Williamson and Percy Leydon Williamson became those in charge on July 16 1923 and they sold to Ethel Harriet Emmet, wife of Samuel Emmett, Auctioneer of Narrabeen on September 3 1923 - who subsequently subdivided this acre and sold those lots – the plan for subdivision approved through the council in late 1925. The other aspect was some of those who owned these early larger Lots were required to dedicate a portion of their land to the council for residents to have access the ‘road’, such as Douglas Robertson did.

The September 15 1924 WSC meeting records:

53. T. W Garrett. Christie and Borne 8/9/24, submitting, for Council's acceptance, 'Memorandum of Dedication by  Mrs. B. McDougall of a 40-ft. strip of original Lot 36 of Scotland Island Sub, for road purposes. Resolved; (Crs. Hewitt, Hitchcock) That dedication of the lots for the purposes of a public highway be accepted. 

The minutes of the meeting held October 13, 1924 show:

At the request of Cr. Atkins, instructions were given to the Engineer to have the Ocean Street Jetty repaired immediately, and to attend to the dangerous projecting bolts under Narrabeen Bridge. 3. Scotland Island Estate, Ltd 26/9/24, requesting Council's approval to his application for a Special Lease for a Permissive Occupancy of about 1 perch at Church Point, opposite the roadway between Dando's Boat-Shed and Hummerston's Store: Resolved- (Crs. Hitchcock, Ellsworth) That the application be approved.

On November 10 1924 the WSC records:

Fitzpatrick Subdivision - Resolved,(Crs. Hewitt, Campbell) That the plan of subdivision of Portions 12 and 16, Parish of Broken Bay submitted by Hardy. Busby and Norman, be approved, subject to the fulfillment of the terms in Hardy, Busby and Norman's letter of 6th inst., subject also to the grades of the roads and the specification of the wharf being satisfactory to the Engineer. 

Portion 16 was Arthur Branscombe Woods small 3 acre portion at Elvina Bay, and this notice provides the date for the South Elvina Bay wharf build, and through Herbert Fitzpatrick and his partner, Mr. Ducker, once more. More available in: Elvina Bay's Public Wharves: Some History and  Pittwater Summer Houses: Rocky Point and Elvina Bay -  A Place Of  Holiday Songs and Operas In Ventnor, Fairhaven, Trincomalee and Maritana 

The October 6 1925 meeting records another early Lot being subdivided:

A J . Hordern. 24/9/25, suggesting the erection of footbridge over the Creek in Palm Grove Reserve Palm Beach, and enclosing cheque for £6 to cover cost. (Crs. Hitchcock, Hewitt) That the offer be accepted, and the work be done under the Engineer's suervision. I 32. Sydney D. Horne. 22/9/25. requesting permission to cross Pittwater Road, with electric wires from ‘La Corniche; to  A. C. Giles butcher's shop at Bayview Resolved, - (Crs. Hewitt, Hitchcock) That permission be granted, subject to the work being done to the Electrical Engineer's satisfaction, and that the applicant take all responsibility in the event of an accident occurring, E.  A. O'Donnell. 24/9/25.subnitting plan of S. Emmett's plan of subdivision of original Lot 75, Scotland Island Estate, approved in 1923 :.. Received.

By the November 7 1925 meeting:

Scotland Island 6. Resolved, - (Crs. Hitchcock,. Rayner) That S. Emmett's plan of subdivision of Lot 75, Scotland Island Estate, be approved. 

Scotland island wharves builder Contactor: Stanley Raymond Hummerston

On December 5th 1922, Stanley Raymond Hummerston, another Returned Soldier, took over the business of Post Masters position and store at Church Point from temporary postmaster Mr. T. Wilson, after Alfie E Burton took off in November 1922. Post Office records held by the National Archives of Australia, show Agnes Jensen, wife of Nfeils Holger Norup Jensen, a Danish sailor, and who take over and rebuild the store after the 1928 fire, had signed a declaration to act as a Post Mistress as well in 1924. Alan Mann also signed the declaration which shows S R Hummerston as outgoing postmaster as of October 31, 1924.

He had enlisted in the RAN in April 1913 as a 20 year old and been a Stoker before a Court Martial in March 1916 as a 23 year old  for 'wilful disobedience of a lawful command' from the Chief Stoker when ordered to carry out his duties in the Stokehold. He'd also been charged with desertion in 1913 (From H.M.A.S. “Melbourne,” at Melbourne.) and 1914 (From H.M.A.S. "Tingira," at Sydney).

The year 1913 was a formative one for the Australian Royal Navy and something many young men would have wanted to be a part of. See:  From Colonial Navy Brigades in Second Hand Ships to Where the Australian Navy was Born – The Practical Verses of William Rooke Cresswell’s Charter and The Arrival of Australia's Navy in Sydney Harbour: October 1913

His older brother Albert Sydney Hummerston was also up on the same charge on board the same ship, His Majesty's Ship the 'Psyche' at the same time. Albert refused to go to work - he was also a Stoker - and wanted to sit elsewhere drinking cocoa and eating biscuits; full files in National Archives.

There had been complaints about the food apparently, on February 12th 1924, and this caused trouble among the Stokers - 27 men were under arrest by the 14th when the incident occurred, and which is why the men had been issued with cocoa and biscuits. 

Stanley had been ill on one day prior to coming on charges, but was not on the ill when he was ordered back to work due the ship being short-handed through those on sick leave or placed under arrest.

The report on the Court Martial indicates he was telling all of his superior officers what he would and wouldn't be doing, possibly emboldened by what had occurred on the 12th. The Court Martial took place aboard the Psyche while they were in Singapore, on the 'China Station' with both men represented by the best of the best.

Of note is that the A/Commander on the China Station during the Court Martial and Commander in Chief of Ships and Vessels on the China Station was H. J. Feakes, Creswell's right-hand man during the formation of the RAN.

HMAS Psyche was a Pelorus-class light cruiser built for the Royal Navy at the end of the 19th century. Initially operating on the North America and West Indies Station, the cruiser was transferred to the Australian Squadron in 1903, and remained there until the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) took over responsibility in 1913. After a stint in New Zealand waters and involvement in the occupation of German Samoa, Psyche was paid off in 1915.

At the recommendation of the Australian government, the ship was commissioned into the RAN in 1915, and assigned to patrol the coast of Burma, in response to the threat of a German-instigated uprising. Psyche operated in the Bay of Bengal and around Sumatra until 1916, when she was docked at Hong Kong for refit. During this, personnel from the ship were used to commission and man the river gunboat HMS Moorhen. After the refit's conclusion, Psyche patrolled in Chinese waters, before returning to the Bay of Bengal. Psyche returned to Sydney and was paid off in October 1917, but recommissioned a month later for patrols in Australia's northern waters. She was decommissioned for the final time in early 1918. 

HMS Psyche. Photo y Green, Allan C., 1878-1954, photographer. -courtesy State Library of Victoria 

She had a displacement of 2,135 tons, was 313 feet 6 inches (95.55 m) long overall and 300 feet (91 m) long between perpendiculars, had a beam of 36 feet 6 inches (11.13 m), and a draught of 15 feet (4.6 m). Propulsion was supplied by inverted three-cylinder triple expansion steam engines, built by Keyham, providing 7,000 indicated horsepower (5,200 kW) to two propeller shafts. Psyche was capable of reaching 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph), although she normally operated at the more economical speedo of 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph).

The cruiser was armed with eight single QF 4 in (100 mm) guns, eight single QF 3-pounder guns, two 4.7-inch guns, two field guns, three Maxim machine guns, and two 14 in (356 mm) torpedo tubes sited above the waterline. Armour protection was limited to 50 mm (2.0 in) thick section of deck plating over vital areas. The ship's company initially stood at 220, but this was later reduced to 188; 12 officers, and 176 sailors.

Born August 11, 1892, Stanley was one of four Hummerston boys of Arthur and Sophie. They lost their father when they were quite young, and their grandfather on heir father's side was already deceased just months before Stanley was born. Their mother was pregnant with her last child when her husband died, and this child, William, died as a newborn. Their older brother Reginald was placed in state care while their mother was finishing her pregnancy, as she could not look after them all. Stanley's war records nominate his sister, and first born child, 'Alice' as his mother, not his actual birth mother. His mother remarried in 1901. 

Stanley was married in 1917 to Dorothy Bushnell and moved over to the AIF once he'd served some of the time imposed through the CM, part of which stated both he and his brother were to be dismissed once they'd served their 12 months of punishment for his brother and 15 months for him.

Assigned to the 7th Light Horse Regiment during WWI as his previous occupation had been 'Horse Driver', there was a family connection to cab driving and racing horses going back a few generations, Mr. Hummerston was a Woolloomooloo gentleman with a tattoo of a butterfly on his left forearm, a man on a horse on his right forearm, and tattoos across his chest and shoulders that weren't described in his war service records other than to state they are there. 

He enlisted in the AIF in February 1917, aged 24 and was sent to Moascar Isolation Camp (many soldiers were arriving from Australia with measles and other diseases) and on to El Fukhari. His war records indicate he too frequently was returned to Moascar Isolation Camp with one illness after another, so he may have come out of service weakened physically. 

Mr Hummerston was returned to Australia in 1919 and was discharged on the 16th of April, 1919. He too may have struggled to 'just get on with it', but as his father died before he was 5 years of age, his post-war and post-Scotland Island wharves build supervision of his approved plans, read like a man on a mission. He took on every opportunity and was even involved in at least one remarkable adventure - a few Notes under Extras for him.

The lapse of a year between when his plans for the wharves and baths were submitted and those that were approved by the council and their completion in late July or August 1924, can be attributed to having to build the three wharves and their baths during tides that suited that construction, although the records do not indicate that it was actually he who built those wharves, more so as the Tender for the same was advertised in July 1923, after he had submitted plans to the council in April 1923, and had approval by June. 

Given his successful pursuit through courts of others who did not honour their contracts with him during the same years, it is more than probable he did honour the contract he had won with Hardy, Busby and Norman, engineers of 875 George Street.

Hardy, Busby and Norman, were also used by Herbert Fitzpatrick for Elvina Bay works and subdivisions, and when he moved out of the store in October 1924 he handed the same to Mr. Fitzpatrick, along with overseeing the Postmaster works, so some accord must have been sustained during that time.

 even though they may have been selling Lots prior to that – theirs is registered in Vol-Fols 3898-58,59 and 60.

Vol-Fol: 3898-58 (19 acres, one rood and 22 ¾ perches): Lots 1 to 31 inclusive and Lots 152 to 191 inclusive and Lots 285 to 308 inclusive Plan 127419. Last land sale October 21st, 1963.

Herbert Fitzpatrick – Scotland Island Land Sales 1920’s

Number NRS-13022-2-[12/1117]-No. 2155. Title Memorandum and Articles of Association of Scotland Island Estates Limited. Contents Date Range 01-01-1924 to 31-12-1924

After World War One the Pittwater Regattas, furloughed as a mark of respect while so many served in that conflict, were renewed from 1921 on, with a depressed Sydney society willing to take part in something aimed at lifting the spirits, connecting people with the grounding energy of nature in a place still untouched by grubby developers hands, and being to submerge themselves in an aquatic environment - with many by then acknowledging the mental, physical and soul health benefits saltwater brings.

With the 1920 death of Marquise of Scotland Island, and the sorting out of the legal matter published by the SMH above, the island itself came under the stewardship of Herbert James Fitzpatrick, one time owner of the classic yacht Bona and originator of the Scotland Island Yacht Race.

Advertising (1924, October 18). Smith's Weekly (Sydney, NSW : 1919 - 1950), p. 20. Retrieved  from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article234428316

His first subdivision into 361 lots in 1924 appears as;

Bells wharf circa 1924 - courtesy Scotland Islanders and Pittwater/Mona Vale Library History Unit. Note stone causeway access area

Unnamed wharf at Scotland Island, circa 1924, courtesy Scotland Islanders and Pittwater/Mona Vale Library History Unit. Either Eastern or Cargo, the only 4 existing then.

Bells wharf with Ferry resting alongside circa 1926, courtesy Pittwater/Mona Vale Library History Unit and Northern Beaches Council History Hub collection

Sections from Crown Lands Aerials, Commonwealth of Australia, dated 1.1.1947, sections from to show baths alongside Tennis Court Wharf, Bells - Eastern wharf seems to have lost its baths by then:

Cargo wharf, with 'Yamba' jetty and baths just to the north left in for context:

Full aerial of 2nd one taken for those who like to zoom in (NB: 6.25MB):

View over Pittwater from The Pasadena's rear balcony, which faced towards Scotland Island and Newport from Album 'Pasadena waterside restaurant, Church Point (taken for Mr Teasdale-Smith)' by Sam Hood. Date: 1950, courtesy Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales - and section from - angled views towards west and east. Items now labelled: SLNSW_FL1466413 and SLNSW_FL1326125

With the start of the new financial year in 1953 the wharves then built on Scotland Island were officially declared public wharves at State Government level as well. The Gazettal Notice:

LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT. 1919.—PROCLAMATION.
(L.s.) J. NORTIICOTT, Governor.
1st July, 1953.

I, Lieutenant-General Sir John- Northcott, Governor of the State of New South Wales, with the advice of the Executive Council, and in pursuance of the Local Government Act, 1919, do hereby declare to be public wharves the wharves and lands described in the Schedule hereto and vest the control thereof in the Warringah Shire Council. (S. 53-787)

By His Excellency's Command, J. B. RENSHAW.

GOD SAVE THE QUEEN!

Schedule.

Salt Pan Wharf.

Being the wharf and appurtenances thereto and the adjoining land the property of the Crown necessary for the proper working thereof situated on the generally eastern shore of Pittwater about 100 feet easterly from the north-eastern corner of lot 28, deposited plan 13,457.

Taylor's Point Wharf.

Being the wharf and appurtenances thereto and the adjoining land the properly of the Crown necessary for the proper working thereof situated on the generally eastern shore of Pittwater at the northern extremity of Taylor's Point road, Avalon.

Wharves on Scotland Island.

Being the wharf and appurtenances thereto and the adjoining land the property of the Crown necessary for the proper working thereof situated on the generally western shore of Scotland Island at the north-western extremity of Fitzpatrick avenue.

Being the wharf and appurtenances thereto and the adjoining land the property of the Crown necessary for the proper working thereof situated on the generally southern shore of Scotland Island at the south-western extremity of Vivian street.

Being the wharf and appurtenances thereto and the adjoining land the property of the Crown necessary for the proper working thereof situated on the generally eastern shore of Scotland Island at the eastern extremity of Lowanna-street.

Being the wharf and appurtenances thereto and the adjoining land the property of the Crown necessary for the proper working- thereof situated on the generally northern shore of Scotland Island at the northern extremity of Pitt View street. (5781) LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT, 1919.—PROCLAMATION. (1953, July 10). Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001), p. 2219. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article220066563 

Sections from Crown Lands Aerials, Commonwealth of Australia, dated 24.6.1961, sections from to show Tennis Court Wharf, Cargo, Bells and Eastern wharves:

Full aerial for those who like to zoom in (NB: 3.8 MB and 3.47MB) - both versions:

Carols' Wharf (completed 1978)

Although Scotland Island now had wharves at the south, east, north and west, there was still a wide gap between Bells wharf, opposite Church Point, and Eastern wharf, around the other side of the island, for a growing and permanent residency.

Bob Blackwood recalls a lady living up the hill atop Harold's Reserve on Scotland Island began speaking to residents, and the council, for an access point for residents at this part of the island and extending from Harold's Reserve. Her first name was Carol.

In August 1977 a Warringah Shire Council Finance Committee Meeting, Wednesday 24th August, 1977. Report records:

 1.2 SCOTLAND ISLAND WHARF. The Works Committee 22/8/77 considered the following report:

Tenders were recently called for the construction of the public wharf at Harold Reserve, Scotland Island. 

The following tenders were received:

(a) E. R. Notting and Co. Pty. Ltd., Newport $47,240 

(b) Lane & Thompson, Pittwater $29,870 *;The contract does not include the construction of the approaches to the wharf which was estimated at $3,000; an additional Item of $2,000 will need to be provided for extras to the contract should potting of the piles be required. *;The total estimated cost of the wharf will be:_(I) Contract for wharf construction $30,000 (ii) Extras to contract 2.000 (iii)Construction of approaches 3,000 $35,000 Available funds $15,000. 

The proposals herein for voting of moneys or for the adjustment of votes, as the case may be, have been concurred with by the Treasurer. The Works Committee was advised that the tender of Lane & Thompson, Pittwater was in accordance with Council's specifications and close to Council's estimated cost of $30,000 for the works. At the time of the original estimate and the vote of $15,000 it was envisaged that the wharf be only half the now proposed length. The Works Committee recommended ;That the tender of Lane and Thompson be accepted for the construction of the Harold Reserve Wharf, Scotland Island for the sum of $29,870.; AND DIRECTED ;That the matter be referred to the Finance Committee with a recommendation that an additional $20,000 be voted from contingencies for the construction of the wharf.; Submitted for Committee's recommendation. COMMITTEE'S RECOMMENDATION: That the tender of Lane and Thompson be accepted for the construction of the Harold Reserve Wharf, Scotland Island for the sun of $29,870 and that an additional $20,000 be voted for contingencies for the construction of the wharf. COUNCIL'S DECISION (29.8.77): 1520 ADOPTED C. Dawson/Burg: 'PAGE Minutes Ordinary Meeting. Warringah council, 2 /6 /1977

Lane and Thompson were Gordon Thompson and Bruce Lane. They would go on to fulfil contracts for maintenance or complete rebuilds of Pittwater wharves for decades. One example is recorded in the Minutes of WSC Meeting held April 24 1992:

Finance & Personnel Committee Meeting 05/05/92 A.07 - WEST PITTWATER BUSH FIRE BRIGADE STATION - LOVETT BAY. Project: Replacement of existing shed. Design: In house. Funding: Council - $0.00 Organisation/Grant - $0.00 Status: Funding not approved for 1992. Repair work to rectify storm damage completed. SECTION R - PROJECTS CURRENTLY UNDER CONSTRUCTION 8.07 - PITTWATER WHARVES - JOB 4579J. P Project: Repairs and replacement of existing wharves - Scotland Island and Western Foreshores. (Bells, Eastern, Tennis Court and Elvina Bay South). Design: Jambin Pty Ltd. Contractor: Lane & Thompson. Funding: Council - $71, 863.00 Organisation/Grant - $69, 405.00 Status: Bells Wharf completed. Tennis Court Wharf completed. Elvina Bay south to commence 29.4.92. Total project 85% completed. 

Worth remembering the WSC's work in 1991 to have the state government formally recognise public wharves they and residents through rates paid are expected to maintain, and replace once they'd gone beyond that, are used by more than just the local public and secure grants for their repairs or replacements.

This has grown through different mechanisms and allocations in the decades since, with the incumbent government focussed on providing wharves that allow improved access and usability for everyone and allocating funding for Projects that ensure disability standards compliance for Accessible Public Transport. Although millions have been allocated under the State Government's - 46 projects funded under the $23 million Boating Infrastructure for Communities Grant Program - and 3 local much-needed upgrades (and rebuild in the case of Bayview wharf), the choice of some products being chosen, which will [pollute the estuary and surrounds with microplastics, and selected due to their cheaper cost, attest to the rising costs of maintaining and replacing this vital infrastructure for an aquatic community and its millions of visitors. 

It was expensive in 1924 and a hundred years on it has become prohibitively expensive. The Bells rebuild of 1991 was followed by the 2023 completion of a better wharves at Bells and Carols, with the Hon. Rob Stokes securing over a million once more in grants, equally met by ratepayers, for those upgrades. At the same time, Bayview wharf had been neglected to the point where it had collapsed, while the baths at the same place, the only safe accessible swimming spot for much of that side of Pittwater - Church Point to Bayview - had been neglected for over a decade and still won't be usable for this coming Summer.

This high cost means residents expect high-quality materials and non-toxic, non-pollutant products to be used. Correspondence and calls to the news service have stated that while cutting expenses by using cheaper products is efficient for saving funds, it can divert time and energy and disregards such actions have a much greater long-term financial and environmental impact that someone will be picking up the tab for, as well as degrading the pristine environment that ha attracted the funding in the first place.

See: Brilliant News: Bayview - Mackerel - Currawong Wharves Allocated $3,173,117 for Upgrades under Boating Infrastructure for Communities Grant Program - August 2025  and Scotland Island Wharf Upgrades For Bells and Carols Wharves - September 2021

Also available August 2025 report: Community Concerned Over the Increase of Plastic Products Being Used by the Northern Beaches Council for Installations in Pittwater's Environment  and Currawong Wharf Upgrade: Draft REF Open for Feedback Closes October 6 2025 and Bayview Public Wharf + Baths Restoration: Feedback on Draft Documents now Open - Closes October 23 2025 and Bayview Public Wharf Gone; Public Baths not safe - Salt Pan Public Wharf Going - December 2024

Imagine where the community would be if the WSC hadn't shifted the narrative on who should also be included in those who contribute to the costs back in 1990 and 1991. More on this in: Bayview Public Wharf and Baths: Some History 

In brief, in the Meeting held on June 25th 1991 the Council made history! - details are:

The Corporate Services, Finance and Personnel Committee on the 18th December 1990 considered a report Concerning major maintenance and refurbishment to Bells Wharf, Tennis Court Wharf and Elvina Bay South Wharf. The Council resolved to make application to the NSW Department of Public Works for funding pursuant to the program with an estimated total cost of this work of $138,810. This program is on a 50/50 cost share basis. By letter dated the 23rd May 1990 Mr Jim Longley, MP Member for Pittwater advised Council that the Deputy Premier and Minister for Public Works had approved the Council's submission for financial assistance up to a maximum of $69,405. 

The conditions of this grant are that all work be carried out by contract after the calling of open tenders and that the Council advise the Regional Engineer, Metropolitan North, of its acceptance of this subsidy. Further conditions of the grant involved a maximum period of 8 months for the completion of work and other conditions concerning the payment of money and supervision of the project. A further condition requires that, any revenue collected by way of charge for the use of these wharves shall not exceed the cost of maintenance and that such charge is applied equally to residents and non residents of the Warringah Shire Council. 

The work proposed to be undertaken to these wharves is major maintenance work that is routinely required to wharves by virtue of the deterioration of these facilities in this marine environment. It does not suggest that the Council has neglected the wharves in terms of their maintenance nor that the wharves are in any way dangerous or dilapidated. 

This grant is the first occasion on which the State Government has assisted in the provision of wharf infrastructure for recreational boating interests in Warringah Shire. Until now the burden for the provision and maintenance of these wharves has rested solely with the Council. The tender for the work has already been advertised and tenders will be reported in due course.  The Council advise the Regional Engineer Metropolitan North of the NSW Public Works Department of its acceptance of the grant for the reconstruction upgrade of Bells Wharf, Tennis Court Wharf and Elvina Bay South Wharf pursuant to the NSW Waterways Infrastructure Development Program. RECOMMENDED TO COUNCIL by General Manager/Shire Clerk 

Not quite accurate, since Bayview, Newport, Clareville and Station Beach wharves in Pittwater were provided by the State Government initially, and Clareville neglected under the WSC to the point where it was deemed defunct in 1935, Lovett Bay's first one and The Basin through the Ku-Ring-Gai Chase Trust, and all the others by developers as a condition of approval of subdivisions. 

In fact, Halls Wharf at the eastern end of Little Lovett Bay and alongside Woods' Point, in operation by December 1952, is one of the few that originated through council meeting residents requests, signalled a change from when the council could no longer get the developers to pay in full for everything.

That developer-contribution to WSC's community and town-planning vision, which accounts for most of the pubic parks today's residents still enjoy, was followed by the cash-strapped 'no money for that' 1930's financial depression years, the 'everything into the war effort' World War Two years, including steel wiring to rethread and make safe local baths, and the post-war shortages of all materials that resulted from supplies being diverted to that conflict. These were also decades when repairs were, as the records show, were expected to be met by rate-paying residents living alongside these public wharves, and when measuring how many non-residents were still using them to access public areas - the National Park for example - did not fall within the council remit to back up the claim of its early 1990's result.

There had been full replacement and rebuilds of some of the more exposed wharves between December 1952 and the Winter of 1977, but they were already in place vital infrastructure.

The August 22nd 1977 Warringah Shire Council Meeting had adopted an Item that confirmed the Scotland Island wharf that originated once again in residents expressing what was needed and the council working to meet that, and is the sole island wharf that originated with a council:

SCOTLAND ISLAND WHARF (FILE 446) Ce Report No. A77/254 sit) Tenders were recently called for the construction of the public wharf at Harold Reserve, Scotland Island. The following tender, were received (a) E.R. Notting and Co. Pty. Ltd, Newport $ 47,240 (b) Lane & Thompson, Pittwater $ 29,870 The contract does not include the construction of the approaches to the wharf which was estimated at $3,000; an additional item of $2,000 will need to be provided for extras to the contract should potting ' of the piles be required. The total estimated coat of the wharf will be: i) Contract for wharf construction $ 30,000 ii)Extras to contract 2,000 iii)construction of approaches 3,000 $ 35,000 Available funds $ 15,000 The proposals herein for voting of moneys or for the adjustment of votes, as the case may be, have been concurred with by the Treasurer. RECOMMENDATION (i) That the tender of Lane and Thompson be accepted for the construction of the Harold Reserve Wharf, Scotland Island for the sum of $29,970. (ii)That the matter be referred to the Finance Committee with a recommendation that an additional $20,000 be voted from contingencies for the construction of the wharf. PROCEEDINGS IN BRIEF: The Committee was advised that the tender of Lane & Thompson, Pittwater, was in accordance with Council's specification and close to Council's estimated cost of $30,000 for the work. At the time of the original estimate and the vote of $15,000. it was intended that the wharf be only half the now proposed length. COMMITEE'S RECOMMENDATION: That the foregoing recommendation be adopted. COUNCIL'S DECISION: Adopted

Ferry CURLEW nears Scotland Island. Pittwater. Unique IDA-00080869, Series: Graeme Andrews Working Harbour Photograph Collection Date: Between 1st August 1984 and 31st August 1984, courtesy Graeme and the City of Sydney Archives

Ferry CURLEW at Tennis Court Wharf, Scotland Island. Pittwater. Unique IDA-00080867, Series: Graeme Andrews Working Harbour Photograph Collection Date: Between 1st January 1984 and 31st December 1984, courtesy Graeme and the City of Sydney Archives

References - Extras

1. TROVE - National Library of Australia
2. National Archives of Australia
3. Andrew Thompson –  ‘Long Harry’, January or early February 1773 – to October 22nd, 1810
4. Salt Pan Cove Public Wharf on Regatta Reserve + Florence Park + Salt Pan Reserve + Refuge Cove Reserve: Some History
5. A Glimpse Of The Hawkesbury. By Francis Myers. ILLUSTRATED BY J. C. HOYTE. (1883)
6. The First Boat Builders of Pittwater: the Short Life and Long Voyages of Scotland Island Schooner the Geordy
7. Sarah A. Biddy Lewis and her daughter Martha Catherine Benns - Pittwater Matriarchs
8. Remembrance Day 2018 - 100 years From Armistice Day 1918: Some Pittwater Veterans from the First World War
9. Pittwater Roads II: Where The Streets Have Your Name - Scotland Island
10. The Oaks - La Corniche 
11. Some Recollections Of  Early Bayview: Don Taylor, youngest son of W. D. M. Taylor, who was eldest son of P. T. Taylor and Margaret Tink (nee Andrews, whose mother was a Snow)
12. The Tasmanian Countess and Marquise of Scotland Island
13. Pittwater Summer Houses: Bangalla, Scotland Island
14. Historic Photographers Of Pittwater: A. J. (Arthur James) Vogan, 1859-1948
15. Pittwater Restaurants you could stay at: Pasadena Road House – Church Point
16. Frederick Victor Grey Wymark, 6th October 1872 – 19th October 1942
17. Church Point Public Wharf - 1885 to 2025: Some History
18. Roads In Pittwater: The Bay View road
19. Anthony Barker, 'Robertson, George (1860–1933)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/robertson-george-8233/text14413, published first in hardcopy 1988
20. Shelagh Champion OAM and George Champion OAM - Profiles of the Pioneers, Revised 2013
21. Pittwater Summer Houses: Rocky Point and Elvina Bay -  A Place Of  Holiday Songs and Operas In Ventnor, Fairhaven, Trincomalee and Maritana 
22. Church Point Precinct Upgrade Scheduled To Be Completed This Financial Year: Boardwalk Completed In December 2022 Now A Popular Suntrap For Residents + Visitors Beside The Estuary + Scotland Island Bells and Carol Wharf Upgrades Completed
23. Church Point, Pittwater: Winter 2023 + Some Photos From The Past

Pittwater wharves history series 2024-2025:

• Palm Beach Public Wharf: Some History
• Clareville Public Wharf: 1885 to 1935 - Some History 
• Boulton's Jetty on 'Old Mangrove Bay' + Newport hotel jetty + Newport Public wharf: Some history
• Salt Pan Cove Public Wharf on Regatta Reserve + Florence Park + Salt Pan Reserve + Refuge Cove Reserve: Some History 
• Bayview Public Wharf and Baths: Some History
• Brown's Bay Public Wharf, on McCarrs Creek, Church Point: Some History 
• Church Point Public Wharf - 1885 to 2025: Some History
• Elvina Bay's Public Wharves: Some History 
• Lovett Bay Public Wharves: Some History  

Warrinah Shire Council Minutes of Meetings:

Hardy, Busby &Norman, re Scotland Island  Subdivision and stating proposal to construct a pathway in Elvina crescent - - and a Tennis Court in Catherine Park : Resolved, - (Crs.Hewitt Campbell)'That the Council approve of the proposal. - - 13. Same. 24/3/24, re same estate, -and stating proposed to substitute sawn turpentine sheeting for galvanised wire mesh in baths to be constructed : Resolved, 8212; (Crs. Hewitt, Campbell) That the Council approve; 

April 14th, 1924 Crs. Hitchcock, Hewitt) That in consideration of further work done, of the guarantee lodged in respect of Scotland Island Subdivision, be refunded. Hardy, Busby and Gorman 4/6/24, submitting Deposited Plan of  Scotland Island Estate for affixing of. Council's  Seal and also Memorandum of Dedication of portion of original Lot 7 of Scotland Island as on extension of the circular road . Resolved, - (Crs. Hewitt, Hitchcock) That the Council accept dedication for the purposes of the public highway, of the piece of land edged red on the plan annexed to the Memorandum of Dedication by D G Robertson

 24th June, 1924 . Scotland Island Estate Ltd. stating that they bought only unsold allotments an the original Scotland Island subdivision and have no title to the park on the upper part. Resolved: (Crs. McKillop, Campbell) That the Council's Solicitors be instructed to take the necessary steps to have the park on the upper part of  Scotland  Island dedicated and that final approval to the plan be deferred until such dedication is effected.

7th of July 1924: 15. Union Trustee Co. of Australia Ltd. 30/6/24. Agents for the Estate Marquise de Ruvigny, Deceased, stating they are prepared to execute any necessary document for the dedication of the Park on Scotland Island - Resolved, - (Crs. • Rayner, Hewitt) That the Seal of the Council be affixed to the Deposited plan of Scotland Island  Estate, immediately 7) the Shire Solicitor advise there will be no  further hindrance to the transfer going through, and the Solicitors be asked to expedite the matter. . 16. Hardy, Busby and Norman (2/7/24) stating that the wharves and pathways on Scotland Island  are almost completed, and asking that an early inspection c made, (Dealt with earlier in the meeting,) Scotland Island in Pittwater.  

REQUIREMENTS OF WHARF LABOURERS.

A deputation, representing wharf labourers and seamen, introduce d by Mr D) O'Connor, M LA, accompanied by Messrs. Merriman and Kethel, M 'sL A and consisting of Messrs A S Kelly, R M'Killop, Rose, and Gilligan, waited upon the Hon. J Thomas Garrett (Minister for Lands), yesterday morning to ask the Government to grant a piece of land as a site for a building to be erected for the use of wharf - labourers. Mr O'Connor, in introducing the deputation said the Wharf Labourers Society desired the Government to grant a piece of land for the purpose of putting up a suitable building in which they might remain during the day and night, whilst having to wait about for work. He pointed out that then made of hung was very uncertain ships came into port at all hours of the day and a cart, and as the men had no place in which to restrain they had to stop about the wharfs or street corners, in the burning sun in summer, or in the cold and rain during winter There was a piece of land at the foot of the Flagstaff-hill which would be in every way suitable for the purpose The men would be able to erect their own building, if the Government could grant them a site.

Messrs Merriman and Kethel, Ms L A , also spoke in support of the request made on behalf of the deputation. Mr Garrett, in reply, said he was afraid there would be a great difficulty in the way of getting a piece of land for the purpose It they had a piece of land which was still available 01 suitable for the purpose, and there was no objection in the way of meeting it, he would be willing to grant a piece sufficient for the erection of a suitable building He would by Monday or Tuesday next, obtain an official report regarding two or three pieces of ground in Kent-street, and would then let them know what could be done in the matter. REQUIREMENTS OF WHARF LABOURERS. (1887, July 9). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 7. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article13658093

Andrew Thompson's Salt Works prior to Scotland Island:

First Ferry to the Island 

[See: Pittwater Special Leases – 1924 to 1927 below]

The first ferry service from the Church Point Wharf to Scotland Island and the western shores of Pittwater was begun in 1926 by Mr Holga Jensen, the then store keeper at Church Point. This service did not run to a timetable but rather operated as needed. The service discontinued during the Second World War, but was resumed in 1946 by Sam Elliot. Today the ferries operate an hourly service to Scotland Island, Towlers, Lovett and Elvina Bays. A water taxi service was inaugurated from the wharf in 1952 by William Roberts.

In 1926 the original Church Point store building was relocated to Scotland Island and was replaced by a larger building containing the store, post office, garage and machinery shop, and boat shed. A residence was built at the back over the water. A photograph of the point shows a jetty extending out to the north alongside the store. This building was short lived being burnt down in 1928.

in record of council Meeting held 15th of February, 1926: H J Fitzpatrick ,advising that plans and specifications are being prepared by his Architect for the proposed boat shed, &c, on his permissive occupancy at Church Point, and will be submitted to the Council later : Received.

And;: British Imperial Oil Co; 30.7.26 requesting permission to install a petrol tank under the road in front of H. J Fitzpatrick's Special Lease at Church Point, within three foot of the approved position for the pump: Resolved; - (Crs; Hope, Hitchcock) That the request be granted 

From: NAA SP32/1, CHURCH POINT PART 2 - Church Point Post Office file (1913 - 1964) [Box 163] - National Archives of Australia.

AT CHURCH POINT, PITTWATER.  The scenery in this locality, which is a favourites' motor run from Sydney, is strikingly beautiful.The Beaches a Wonderful Asset. (1928, October 10). Sydney Mail (NSW : 1912 - 1938), p. 24. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article158402502

DISASTROUS FIRE. At Church Point. BUILDINGS AND BOATS DESTROYED. 

A fire which broke out last night at Church Point caused extensive damage, the general store and post-office, tea-rooms, and garage, as well as a launch and several rowing boats, being destroyed. The residents of the well-known pleasure resort were unable to combat the flames, as no water supply was available.

The fire, it is stated, broke out first in Mr. H. Jensen's general store, a large wooden structure. The flames quickly devoured that building and spread to the adjoining tea-rooms. They razed this building to the ground, and enveloped a large motor garage, containing two or three cars. A motor launch, which was lying on slips at the rear of the garage, and several skiffs, which were tied up beneath It, also caught fire. The garage and Its contents were destroyed.

Mr. Jensen, the manager of the store, tea-rooms, and garage, was spending the evening with his family at a picture theatre in Collaroy. He was not aware of the fire until he returned home at a late hour to find the buildings in a state of ruin. Mr. Jenson Is also In charge of the post-office at Church Point.

The buildings were owned by Mr. H. J. Fitzpatrick, of Lennox-street, Mosman, and were leased by him to Mr. Jensen. The boats were the property of Mr. Jensen. One of the motor cars was owned by the local mailman. 

The fire was discovered in peculiar circumstances. A resident of Newport, on the opposite side of the bay, noticed a brilliant glare In the direction of Church Point, and he communicated with the Mona Vale Telephone Exchange, and Inquired if any fire had been reported from that vicinity. The telephone operator got Into communication with a resident at Church Point, and this man discovered the fire. It is believed that the damage will amount to several thousands of pounds. DISASTROUS FIRE. (1928, November 22). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 13. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article16511092

At the June 19 1929 Meeting:

10. .:Clayton Utz &Co. 30/5/29. Further in regard to H. Jensen's application for a Special Lease at Church Point,; and requesting the Council to do all in its powers to enable Mr. Jensen to get the store running again. &1Oa. H. J. Fitzpatrick. 4/6/29. Furnishing reason for the delay in the re-erection of his store &c at Church Point. Decided that if Mr. Fitzpatrick's buildings be not commenced within one month, the Council support Mr. Jensen's Special lease application. 

By the Meeting held 8th of July, 1929: Permissive Occupancies. resolved (Cs; Austin, Robertson) - That the Council withdrew its objection to H. Jensen's application for a Special Lease at Church Point wharf, and that Mr. Fitzpatrick and also the Land Board be advised of this. 

Land Board. 27/9/29. Requesting that favourable consideration be given Dr. Fraser's application for Permissive Occupancies permission to erect a boat shed and garage on a Permissive Occupancy at Church Point held by him since 1921. Resolved, That the Council adhere to its previous decision in the matter and it be pointed out to the Department that Mr. H.J. Fitzpatrick has until February to erect a public boat shed on his Special Lease, that if the work be not done by that time, Dr. Fraser's application will then be dealt with on its merits.

The store then reverted to a boat shed until Mr Jenson was able to build a new store to the west of the Church Point Wharf, where it still exists today. This building consisted of a store facing the street, an area for boat storage and boat repairs at the rear, and a ramp from that into the water. There was an attic residence above where he and his wife used to live. The store replaced the boat sheds that had previously occupied the site. 

Church Point Post Office (general store), alongside public wharf, 1950 - City of Sydney Archives

The original Pasadena was built on the site of Jenson’s former store to the east of the wharf by Charlie Wymark. It also included a store, a garage and boat shed. A dance hall was built on the first floor. From the turn of the century tearooms had operated at Church Point in various locations, but not at the wharf. During the early 1920s Alfie Burton built tearooms and accommodation about 100 yards to the west of the wharf. These reverted to a boat shed in the late 1920s when the Pasadena dance hall was built. 

McCarrs creek road, view west, circa 1940-45, you can see faded 'tea' sign on building side with car parked outside of it. photo courtesy by and taken by Jack Moran's Grandfather. Jack says ''Our family now runs a charter company operating out of Palm Beach. Find more on our Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/taylormadeescapes

Above: Rostrevor Reserve on McCarrs Creek in 1945. Photos Courtesy State Records and Archives.

During the 1950s the Pasadena housed a self-serve general store with hardware and bottle shop included, and a newsagency. 

During the 1960s and 70s the building was rebuilt and converted to a motel, restaurant and function centre, with some shops. Charlie Wymark who had built the original Pasadena took over the current general store in the 1950s and transferred the post office to it. In 1978 the mini-market was threatened with closure. Public protests prevailed and it was saved.

Special Leases – Church Point – Booths original store, alongside wharf, current Pasadena site, and a few extras:

Barrenjoey Company Extension for Wharf of 32 perches Special Lease 11-17 Metropolitan. APPLICATIONS FOR EXTENSIONS OF TERMS OF LEASES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. (1922, February 10). Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001), p. 1120. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article220076318 

Executors of estate of J J Smith applying for extension of lease for boathouse;  APPLICATIONS FOR EXTENSIONS OF TERMS OF LEASES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. (1922, March 17). Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001), p. 1809. Retrieved, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article225367849 

Parish Narrabeen, county Cumberland, Special Lease -No. 25-8, Metropolitan, for boatshed, skids, jetty and bath. Land applied for—about 15 ½ perches, below high-water mark at Church Point, Pittwater. Applicant—John James McWilliam. Objections may be lodged at the Local Land Board Office, Sydney, up to.26th June, 1925.

Parish Narrabeen, county Cumberland, Special Lease No. 3,129, Metropolitan, for store and refreshment room. Land applied for— 1 ¾ perches, above and below high-water mark at Church Point, Pittwater. Applicant—Alan Gardner Fyers Mann. Objections to ay be lodged at the Local Land Board Office, Sydney, up to 3rd July., .1925.

Parish Narrabeen, county Cumberland, Special Lease No. 25-7, Metropolitan, for store and refreshment room. Land applied for—about 5 ¼ perches, below high-water mark at Church Point, Pittwater. Applicant-—Alan Gardner Fyers Mann. Objections may be lodged at the Local Land Board Office, Sydney, up to 3rdf July, 1925.  APPLICATIONS FOR LEASES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES AND FOR EXTENSIONS OF TERMS OF SPECIAL LEASES. (1925, June 5). Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001), p. 2493. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article223035025 

APPLICATIONS FOR LEASES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES AND FOR EXTENSIONS OF TERMS OF SPECIAL LEASES.

IT is hereby notified, for general information, that the undermentioned applications hare been received for leases for special purposes and for extensions of terms of Special Leases, under the provisions of the 74th, 76th. and 229th sections of the Crown Lands Consolidation Act, 1913, of the lands and for the purposes hereunder stated, and that it is the intention to grant leases, should no sufficient objection be found to exist, after inquiry by the Land Board and consideration by the Minister.

Any objections will receive due consideration, if lodged in writing with the District Surveyor for the Land Board District in which the land is situated on or before the date specified in each case hereunder.

Parish Narrabeen, county Cumberland. Special Lease 1924-23, Metropolitan, for boatshed, garage and jetty. Land applied for—about 20 perches, below high-water mark at Church Point, Pittwater, fronting lots 15 and 15a. Applicant—Herbert James Fitzpatrick. Objections may be lodged at the Land Board Office, Sydney, up to 27th March, 1925. APPLICATIONS FOR LEASES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES AND FOR EXTENSIONS OF TERMS OF SPECIAL LEASES. (1925, March 20). Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001), p. 1474. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article223029876 

Parish of Narrabeen, county of Cumberland. Special Lease 1925-14, Metropolitan; for jetty, boatshed and bathing place. Land applied for—2 roods 18 perches below high-water mark of Pittwater on frontage of part of lot 3, section 5, Mona Vale Private Subdivision. Applicant—Bernard Barnett Allen. Objections in writing may be lodged at Local Land Board Office, Sydney, up to 12th January, 1926. APPLICATIONS FOR LEASES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES AND FOR EXTENSIONS OF TERMS OF SPECIAL LEASES. (1926, January 8). Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001), p. 87. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article223018635 

APPLICATIONS FOR LEASES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES AND FOR EXTENSIONS OF TERMS OF SPECIAL LEASES.

IT is hereby notified, for general information, that the undermentioned applications have been received for leases for special purposes and for extensions of terms of Special Leases, under the provisions of the 74th, 76th and 229tli sections of the Crown Lands Consolidation Act, 1913, of the lands and for the purposes hereunder stated, and that it is the intention to grant leases, should no sufficient objection, be found to exist, after inquiry by the Land Board and consideration by the Minister.

Any objections will receive due consideration, if lodged in writing with the District Surveyor for the Land Board District in which the land is situated, on or before the date specified in each case hereunder.

P. F. LOUGHLIN, Minister for Lands. 

Parish of Narrabeen, county of Cumberland. Special Lease No. 26-4, Metropolitan, for jetty. Land applied for—-about 34 perches below high-water mark, fronting Bay View road at Pittwater, Applicant, John Williams. Objections in writing may be lodged at the Local Land Board Office, Sydney, up to 16th' June, 1926. APPLICATIONS FOR LEASES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES AND FOR EXTENSIONS OF TERMS OF SPECIAL LEASES. (1926, May 21). Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001), p. 2195. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article222995288 

APPLICATIONS FOR LEASES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES AND FOR EXTENSIONS OF TEEMS OF SPECIAL LEASES.

IT is hereby notified, for general information, that the undermentioned applications have been received for leases for special purposes and for extensions of terms of Special Leases, under the provisions of the 74th, 76th and 229th sections of the Crown Lands Consolidation Act, 1913, of the lands and for the purposes hereunder stated, and that it is the intention to grant leases, should no sufficient objection be found to exist, after inquiry by the Land Board and consideration by the Minister.

Any objections will receive due consideration, if lodged in waiting with the District Surveyor for the Land Board District in which the land is situated, on or before the date specified hereunder.

JOHN T. LANG, Minister for Lands.

Parish of Narrabeen, county of Cumberland; Special Lease 1926-40, Metropolitan, for building for Clubhouse. Land applied for—about 18 perches below highwater mark fronting portion 29 and adjoining the Government Wharf at Pittwater. Applicant, Pittwater Aquatic Club. Objections in writing may be lodged at the Local Land Board Office, Sydney, on or before 19th January, 1927. APPLICATIONS FOR LEASES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES AND FOR EXTENSIONS OF TERMS OF SPECIAL LEASES. (1927, January 14). Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001), p. 163. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article220227451  - first applied in December 1926. They ended up around the corner on next point.  See: Bayview Sea Scouts Hall: Some History The WSC of then seemingly tried to push Williams family around despite a few generations of Williams, by then, contributing to and building up the area, as well as looking after others here. It was the Williams Family who originated, rowing, and later Star Class sailing for Olympics, and ensured the Bayview Wharf was 'dressed' to receive Governor et al for Pittwater Regattas. The Roche family went though a similar experience, despite donating land to the council, even without a subdivision, for the parklands. See: Bayview Public Wharf and Baths: Some History 

Pittwater Aquatic Club Welcome, circa 1928. Image a409025 from Hood Collection part II : [Sports, Rowing (including Head of the River), boating and yachting] either an event for this local club or as point of embarkation for Pittwater Regatta; tracks gentlemen stand in indicate is the Bayview Wharf. Image Courtesy State Library of NSW.

From Cedric and Iris (Sophie's) Williams family album collection - and courtesy of their daughter Elizabeth Hird.

APPLICATIONS FOR LEASES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES AND FOR EXTENSIONS OF TERMS OF SPECIAL LEASES. .

IT is hereby notified, for general information, that the undermentioned applications have been received for leases for special purposes and for extensions of terms of Special Leases, under the provisions of the 74th, 76th and 229th sections of the Crown Lands Consolidation Act, 1913, of the lands and for the purposes hereunder stated, and that it is the intention to grant leases, should no sufficient objection be found to exist, after inquiry by the Land Board and consideration by the Minister.

Any objections will receive due consideration, if lodged in writing with the District Surveyor for the Land Board District in which' the land is situated; on or before the dates specified hereunder.

E, M. HORSINGTON, Minister for Lands.

Parish of Narrabeen, county of Cumberland; Special Lease 1927-18, Metropolitan, for erection of Post Office, store and refreshment-room. Land applied for—about 40 feet by 46 feet below high-water mark at Bayview, on the southern shore of Pittwater. Applicant—William John Oliver. Objections in writing may be lodged with the District Surveyor, Local Land Board Office, Sydney, on or before 24th June, 1927.  APPLICATIONS FOR LEASES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES AND FOR EXTENSIONS OF TERMS OF SPECIAL LEASES. (1927, June 10). Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001), p. 2767. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article223013118 - Approved, the council even transferred an adjacent Lot of land to him to facilitate this (in WSC research Notes for Bayview wharf). Part of this would have been trying to ensure there was a more accessible Post Office for residents after the Church Point store fire and the time it took to build a replacement.

 

Parish of Narrabeen, county of Cumberland; Special Lease 1927-9, Metropolitan, for boat-shed, garage and refreshments; land applied for—9 perches below highwater mark at Church Point, Pittwater, fronting the road opposite lot 1 of portion 25. Applicant—Alfred Ernest Burton. Objections may be lodged at the Land Board Office. Sydney, until 3rd October, 1927. APPLICATIONS FOR LEASES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES AND FOR EXTENSIONS OF TERMS OF SPECIAL LEASES. (1927, September 23). Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001), p. 4634. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article219954010 

APPLICATIONS FOR LEASES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES AND FOR EXTENSIONS OF TERMS 0F SPECIAL LEASES.

IT is hereby notified, for general information, that the undermentioned applications have been received for leases for special purposes and for extensions of terms of Special Leases, under the provisions of the 74th, 76th

and 229th sections of the Crown Lands Consolidation Act, 1913, of the lands and for the purposes hereunder stated, -and that it is the intention to grant leases should no sufficient objection be found to exist, after inquiry by the Land Board and consideration by the Minister.

Any objections will receive duo consideration, if lodged in writing with the District Surveyor for the Land Board District in which the land is situated, on or before the date specified in each case hereunder.

R. T. BALL, Minister for Land*.

Parish of Narrabeen, county, of Cumberland; Special Lease 27-30, Metropolitan, for wharf and slips. Land applied for, about 150 feet by about 10 feet below highwater mark fronting lot 6, Horse Shoe Cove, Pittwater. Applicant - The Royal Motor Yacht Club of New South Wales (Broken Bay Branch). Objections may be lodged at the Land Board Office, Lands Department, Sydney, up to 19th December, 1927. 

Parish of Narrabeen, county of Cumberland; Special Lease No. 27-34, Metropolitan, for purpose of wharf. Land applied for about 14 perches below high-water mark fronting Lot 4, Beaconsfield-street, Pittwater. Applicant—Whitaker, Hayman and Co. Ltd. Objections may be lodged at the Local Land Board Office Sydney, up to 16th January, 1928.

Parish of Narrabeen, county of Cumberland; Special Lease No. 27-19, Metropolitan, for purpose of, boatshed. Land applied for about 10 perches below high-water mark opposite the end of a road or access reserve adjoining lots 53 and 54 of Forssberg's Estate, Barrenjoey-road, Pittwater. Applicant—Willie Christian. Objections may be lodged at the Local Land Board Office, Sydney, up to 16th January, 1928. APPLICATIONS FOR LEASES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES AND FOR EXTENSIONS OF TERMS OF SPECIAL LEASES. (1927, December 16). Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001), p. 5798. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article222998874 

Parish of Narrabeen, county of Cumberland; Special Lease 4,292, Metropolitan, for jetty, boat shed, slip, and bathing place. Land applied for—about 1 rood 10 perches below high-water mark fronting lot 1, d.p. 11,423, Pittwater. Applicant, Joseph Clifton Love. Objections may be lodged at the Land Board Office, Sydney, up to 14th February, 1928.  APPLICATIONS FOR LEASES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES AND FOR EXTENSIONS OF TERMS OF SPECIAL LEASES. (1928, January 27). Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001), p. 518. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article223010327 - Alongside Waiwera-Hopton Lodge. See: Waiwera - Hopton Lodge, Bayview  - Margaret Tink's family

Parish of Narrabeen, county of Cumberland; Special Lease 27-41, Metropolitan, for boatshed, wharf and slip. Land applied for—35 ½ perches below high-water mark fronting lot 13 of d.p. 9,500, Pittwater; Applicant— Edward Allen Davis. Objections may be lodged at Land Board Office, Sydney, up. to Monday, 4th June, 1928. APPLICATIONS FOR LEASES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES AND FOR EXTENSIONS OF TERMS OF SPECIAL LEASES. (1928, May 18). Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001), p. 2186. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article219943984 

APPLICATIONS FOR LEASES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES AND FOR EXTENSIONS OF TEBMS OF SPECIAL LEASES.

IT is hereby notified, for general- information, that the undermentioned applications have been received for leases for special purposes and for extensions of terms of Special Leases, under the 'provisions of the 74th, 76th and 229th sections of the Crown Lands Consolidation Act, 1913, of the lands and for the purposes hereunder stated, and that it is the intention to grant leases should no sufficient objection be found to exist, after inquiry by the Land Board and consideration by the Minister.

Any objections will receive due consideration, if lodged in writing with the District Surveyor for the Land Board District in which the land is situated, on or before the date specified in each case hereunder.

R. T. BALL, Minister for Lands.

Parish of Narrabeen, county of Cumberland; Special Lease 28-29, Metropolitan, for boat-shed. Land applied for—about 9 perches, adjacent to lots 59, 60, 61 and 62, at the southern end of Chinaman's Beach, Pittwater. Applicant—Willie Christian. Objections may be lodged at the Metropolitan Land Board Office, Sydney, up to 19th August, 1928. APPLICATIONS FOR LEASES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES AND FOR EXTENSIONS OF TEBMS OF SPECIAL LEASES. (1928, August 3). Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001), p. 3697. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article219952102 - refused through council objections. See Notes/Extras in:  Goldthorpe & Smith Boatshed Becomes Port Jackson & Manly Steamship's Palm Beach Marine Service: Palm Beach Boatsheds

Parish of Broken Bay, county of Cumberland; Special Lease 1907-3, Metropolitan, for boat house, bathing place and jetty of an area of about 17 perches situated below high-water mark, Pittwater, fronting allotment 19 of Ventnor Estate. Applicant—Neil Donovan Smith. Objections may be lodged at Land Board Office, Sydney, up to 19th November, 1928. APPLICATIONS FOR LEASES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES AND FOR EXTENSIONS OF TERMS OF SPECIAL LEASES. (1928, November 9). Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001), p. 4819. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article223027204 

Parish of Narrabeen, county of Cumberland; Special Lease 1928-13, Metropolitan, for boatshed and shop site. About 2 roods below high-water mark, Pittwater, fronting Bay View road and opposite lot 5 of a subdivision of portion 27. Applicant—Theodore Heuber. Objections may be lodged at the Land Board Office, (Sydney, up to 1st March, 1929. APPLICATIONS FOR LEASES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES AND FOR EXTENSIONS OF TERMS OF SPECIAL LEASES. (1929, February 22). Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001), p. 981. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article223989646 

Figures prepared by the Common-wealth Statistician (Mr. E. T. Mc-phee), disclose the remarkable fact that during the last few years of the depression there was an increase, and not a decrease, in real wages. 

Although nominal wage rates have declined, the fall in the prices of commodities has made their purchasing power greater than during the peak year, 1929.

The average nominal weekly rate of wage In Australia, based on an Investigation of the weekly rates for over 4000 occupations, was £5/1/5 for adult males, and £2/14/2 for adult females on September 30,1929, when peak rates were recorded. Since that date nominal wages have declined steadily. The corresponding rates were £4/6/10 and £2/7/5 at the end of 1931. £4/1/10 and £2/4/2 at the end of 1932. and, £4/0/6 and £2/3/5 at the end of 1933. On June 30, 1934, they were £4/1/7 for males and £2/3/10 for females, representing the first increase since the decline commenced in 1929.

The highest average rate was recorded for employees in the printing and allied trades, and the lowest In the agricultural Industry. Wage rates for the fourth quarter of 1933 were for the aggregate of the six States 21 per cent, below the 1929 level. In South Australia the fall amounted to 25 per cent., In Victoria 24 per cent., in New South Wales 21 per cent., In Western Australia 19 per cent., in Tasmania l8 per cent., and in Queensland 13 per cent. Notwithstanding the fall in nominal wages, all States show an increase in "real" wages over the rates for 1929, due to the greater fall in prices. All States show a slight increase on. rates for 1932, with the exception of New South Wales. During 1933 there was an increase In "real" wages for full work compared with the preceding year. Comparison with 1911 shows that the "real" wage for full-time work in' 1933 was 17.8 per cent, higher, but if allowance is made for unemployment, it was 7.4 per cent, lower.

The retail price index numbers for groceries (21 commodities) were lower in 1933 than in 1932 in all capital cities. Prices for dally produce (seven items) and meat (16 cuts) were also lower everywhere in 1933 than in 1932. In the six capitals, groceries were on the average 8.4 per cent, lower, dairy pro-duce 6.4 per cent, lower, meat .9 per cent, lower, and all food combined 5.7 per cent, lower. Prices rose in 1934, and had In-creased by 4.5 per cent, for food in June, 1934.

The cost of housing declined on the average 1.8 per cent, in 1933 below the 1932 level, but by June,' 1934, It had Increased by .4 per cent. The weighted average index number for the six capital cities, considered as a whole for the combined expenditure on food, groceries, and housing (four and 5 rooms) for 1933 was 4.4 per cent, lower than In 1932, but by June, 1934, it had increased by 3.1 percent.

The number of awards and determinations in force at the end of 1933 was 1363, and at the same date 653 industrial agreements were filed. The membership of trade unions in Australia at the end of 1933 was 739,398, Including 113,132 females. These figures show a decline In membership, as the total at the end of 1932 was 740,831. The number of unions registered under the provisions of the Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Act was 137, with an approximate member-ship of 630,000, or 85 per cent, of the total membership of all trade unions in Australia.

On December 31, 1933, there were 521 employers' associations, with a membership of 132,188. The organisation of employers in numerically strongest in the agricultural and pastoral industries.

FEW INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES.

The number of industrial disputes during 1933 was 90-the lowest number ever re-corded by the bureau. The total loss in word-ing days during the year was 111,956, representing £95,045 In wages. Of the DO dis-putes, 52 involved employees in the <i coal-mining Industry.  REAL WAGES. (1935, March 6). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 13. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17143201

The ABS data gender pay gap

The national gender pay gap according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics is 11.5%.

As of May 2025, the full-time adult average weekly ordinary time earnings across all industries and occupations was $2106.40 for men and $1864.10 for women.

For every dollar on average men earned, women earned 88 cents. That's $242.30 less than men each week.

Over the course of a year, this difference adds up to $12,600.

This data was released on the 14th August 2025.

State gender pay gap data

Australia's base salary gender pay gap differs significantly by state.

As of November 2024, the gender pay gap is: 

• 12.1% in New South Wales
• 11.1% in Victoria
• 9% in Queensland
• 8.5% in South Australia
• 19.6% in Western Australia
• 1.9% in Tasmania
• 12.4% in the Northern Territory
• 6.1% in the ACT

Department of Mines,

Sydney, 25th November, 1938.

NOTICE is hereby given that the necessary evidence and report with reference to the undermentioned applications for dredging leases having been received, I have determined that leases may be granted of the areas specified therein, subject to the usual and the following conditions:—

Sydney No. 209, Pittwater Shell & Lime Company Limited, portion ML 7, county Cumberland, parish Narrabeen, 100 acres (ex Special Leases), dated 16th October, 1936.

Sydney No. 210, Pittwater Shell & Lime Company Limited, portion ML 6, county Cumberland, parish-Narrabeen, 100 acres (ex Special Lease), dated 16th October, 1936.

(1) The term of the leases shall be twenty years.

(2)' The lessee shall within nine months of. the grant of leases instal thereon dredging plant valued at not less than £1,000. 

(3) The lessee shall observe, fulfil and perform the provisions of the Navigation Act, 1901-1935, and any Regulations made thereunder so far as they may be applicable.

(4) The lessee shall not conduct any dredging operations within 25 feet of any pile beacon and plant or machinery shall not be moored or placed in such a position a« to obscure any such pile beacon.

(5) The lessee shall not conduct any "dredging operation on Saturdays, Sundays or public holidays nor between the hours of 5 p.m. and 7.30 a.m. on other days.

(6) The lessee shall so conduct the operations hereby authorised in such a manner as not to cause any interference -with shipping. 

(7) The lessee shall use such anchors only as are approved by the Maritime Services Board of New South Wales and all anchors, mooring posts and any like obstructions shall be removed immediately after operations are completed in the locality of such anchors, mooring posts or like obstructions.

(8) The lessee shall not conduct any dredging operations within 50 feet of any mooring already laid down or any mooring site which has been or which may be allotted by the Maritime Services Board of New South Wales.

(9) The lessee shall not conduct any operations within 150 feet of any improvement on shore or within 100 feet of any jetty or improvement off shore.

(10) In the event of electric or other cables being connected to the dredging plant from the shore such cables or the piles on which such cables are suspended shall be placed and maintained in such a position as not to interfere with navigation.

(11) The lessee shall not foul existing channels with grit, sand or mud and shall carry out dredging operations in such a manner to the satisfaction of the Secretary for Mines as not to cause potholes to be left or not to cause shoaling or erosion.

(12) The lessee shall, exhibit the uniform dredger signals and the regulation day and night signals on all plants punts and machinery.

(13) The Secretary for Mines may, upon written notice to the lessee, prohibit the continuance of dredging operations on any defined part of the area demised if, in the opinion of the said Secretary for Mines, it is desirable in the public interest so to do.

(14) The lessee shall so conduct the dredging operations hereby authorised to the satisfaction of the Secretary for Mines so as not to interfere with fish life, or with fishermen.

(15) The lessee shall at all times permit any landowner or holder of any Permissive Occupancy or Special Lease to have free and uninterrupted access to his or their land or holdings and such lessee shall observe, fulfil and perform any directions of the ^Secretary for Mines designed to protect the interests of any residents on neighbouring foreshores or any other persons.

(16) The lessee shall serve a notice in writing on the Metropolitan Engineer, Department of Works and Local Government, immediately after dredging operations have been commenced and shall serve a similar notice immediately after operations have been completed.

(17) Dredging operations shall be subject to surveys or inspections by any officer appointed by the Secretary for Mines or the Department of Public Works and Local Government at such times as the said Secretary for Mines or the said Department of Public Works and Local Government may determine, and the cost of such surveys or inspections shall be borne by the lessee.

(18) The lessee shall dredge or excavate such material only as shall be necessary to obtain sea shells and shall dispose of any surplus material in a manner satisfactory to the Secretary for Mines.

(19) The lessee shall not make any excavation of a greater depth than 10 feet from the-present bottom and the sides of any such excavation shall not be of a steeper grade than two in one.

(20) The dredging operations hereby authorised shall be conducted in such a manner that the bottom of Pittwater is not raised above the level existing at the date of this demise.

(21) The lessee shall indemnify and keep indemnified the Crown from and against all actions, suits, claims and demands or whatsoever nature and all costs, charges and expenses which may be awarded or brought against the lessee or which the4 lessee may incur in respect of any accident or injury to any person or property which may arise during the term of the leases through any cause whatsoever, or for any damage which may be consequent upon dredging operations on the leased area notwithstanding that the conditions and covenants contained or referred to in such leases shall in all respects have been observed by the lessee or that any accident or injury shall arise from any act or thing which the lessee may be--authorised or compelled to do in respect of the above conditions.

(22) The Governor with the advice of the Executive Council may cancel these leases without compensation to the lessee at any time during the currency of the said leases provided that the lessee shall be given not less than twelve months' notice of the intention to cancel such leases.

(23) The lessee shall not land any material nor erect any bins or similar structures between Williams' Boat shed and Church Point.

(24) The lessee shall not conduct any operations within 50 feet of a low-tension electric cable laid or to be laid in a position north of Bayview to the south-eastern point of Scotland Island. (1938-13,076 L.B.) Government Gazette Notices (1938, November 25). Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001), p. 4526. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article225068968