August 1 - 31, 2026: Issue 657

Sunday Cartoon and Animations

This week: "Swing to the Moon" by ESMA

 

Pelé the Pelican returns Home to Narrabeen Lagoon

Pelé's rescue team - go Team Pelé!

Pelé, the Pelican came out of the Taronga Zoo Wildlife hospital on Tuesday August 18 and was released back to his home fishing grounds, Narrabeen Lagoon. The young people and parents and grandparents who had helped rescue him gathered to welcome him home and watch him return to the water.

Pelé had spent around a month at the Sydney Taronga Wildlife Hospital after the above youngsters and their parents and one grandmother helped rescue him, with the help of Sydney Wildlife volunteers Jacqui Marlowe and Joseph and Eira Battaglia.

See report from earlier this month: Pelé the Pelican – discarded Fish hooks and Lines caused this local Narrabeen Lagoon Seabird to ask for help: rescued by community members + Sydney Wildlife - Turtle + Penguin also in care due to fishing tackle - please don't leave your hooks and lines where wildlife lives

Taronga’s two Wildlife Hospitals, at Taronga Zoo Sydney and Taronga Western Plains Zoo Dubbo, are responsible for maintaining the health of close to 1,500 wildlife cases every year, and are the largest provider of wildlife veterinary services in NSW.

They conduct around 200 surgeries per month, have helped save 7 native species form extinction, and have released over 50,000 animals back into the wild.

The aim of the Wildlife Hospitals is to rehabilitate as many native animals as possible for release back to the wild. The variety of animals treated is enormous, ranging from stranded seals and orphaned baby bats, to pelicans tangled in fishing line. All these animals need professional care and attention during the treatment and rehabilitation process to ensure they can be returned to their natural environment. 

When an animal is brought to one of the two hospitals, the encounter details are recorded to ensure the animal is returned to its habitat.  Whenever possible the rescuer is involved in the eventual release of the animal. 

The expertise of the Taronga team, comprising of Veterinarians, Vet Nurses, Veterinary Pathologists and Zoo Nutritionists, have decades of experience, allowing the Taronga Wildlife Hospitals to deliver first-class care to a wide range of Australian and exotic animals.  

Teams also support priority species recovery programs and provide inter-agency support to state and federal government departments. Taronga’s unique expertise allows them to play an important role in biosecurity, conservation interventions, and animal welfare globally.  Taronga continues to assist state and federal enforcement agencies in assessing and caring for confiscated animals. 

While capital works like the new $40.7 million Taronga Wildlife Hospital received major NSW Government infrastructure grants, day-to-day operational costs—including animal food, medications, and surgeries—rely heavily on public fundraising, corporate sponsorships, and philanthropic donations rather than recurring government operational allowances.

Libby Hall, Manager at the Taronga Wildlife Hospital, who has been working in this area for forty years and credits the young children who helped rescue Pelé as those who saved him, shared insights into his treatment.

Libby Hall, Manager at the Taronga Wildlife Hospital, with Pelé's rescuers

How much surgery did Pelé require? 

He had three different anaesthetics. So he had his intake, which is his initial exam. And then we did our bird flu testing then. So he had to wait for that to come back. And then he had an anaesthetic and blood taken. And then we did two surgeries. So two surgeries to remove the hooks; the first one and then the second one to remove all the small pieces that were in the joint. And then the rehabilitation period, which has been quite long because he's been in for a month. He wasn't using his leg at all, it was very sore. So a lot of pain relief, antibiotics and treatment required to get him ready to come back to the wild. 

The hook disintegrated? 

One of them. He had several hooks. The external ones were easy to get out, but there was an older one, in the joint as well. The small pieces of it were disintegrating. It was a nasty thing.

What's his course of rehabilitation been? 

His rehabilitation means he had to have full motion in that joint and be eating well. And he needed to have quite a lot of medication as well. So we needed to make sure he had his anti-inflammatories, his antibiotics, and taking those on a regular basis to enable him to heal so there was no infection.

Then he also needed to regain full movement. So swimming physio was the main thing that we did with him because we didn't want him walking on it because he couldn't wait there. It was very, very sore.

He couldn't wait there at all when he came in. And then we needed to feed him because he was quite a little bit underweight when he first came. Feed him up and then get him ready to come back into the wild. So, it was a bit of a process. 

How much fish was Pelé eating a day? 

He was eating about 20 red spot whiting a day.

How is the wildlife hospital funded? 

The hospital is supported through donations from different organisations and individuals and every day gate takings. In other words, people coming into the zoo, that's where we get the money from, and also individual people who donate to the hospital.

How many animals are you treating and is that higher capacity in Spring? 

We get about a thousand a year and the busiest time is Spring and Summer. Summer is very busy. 

What species come in? 

The majority are birds, but we get everything from tiny frogs right through to seals and everything in between. Lots of echidnas and many other animals. A lot of marine turtles. 

Taronga Wildlife Hospital receives approx. 40 endangered marine turtles each year that are found injured, sick or stranded on land.  The species most commonly received are Green Turtles, Loggerhead and Hawksbill turtles. Many of these turtles are suffering from the effects of marine debris, plastic ingestion and entanglement in fishing line, hooks and netting. These turtles receive intense veterinary attention including full diagnostic testing often including CT scans. In many cases the turtles are in care for many months regaining full condition and strength before being identified with tags and microchips and released at sea with the assistance of the Sydney Harbour Water Police. 

The Taronga Wildlife Hospital in Sydney also treats and rehabilitates over 20 Little Penguins annually. The majority of these originate from the Manly Little Penguin colony, which is listed as an endangered population under the Threated Species Conservation Act. The Wildlife Hospital works in close collaboration with the Office of Environment and Heritage to protect these penguins, which have become a Sydney icon and are the last remaining mainland colony of penguins in New South Wales. Staff at the hospital have continued involvement with the Citizen Science based Project Penguin, threatened species fund raising events and beach clean ups in collaboration with the National Parks and Wildlife Service. 

Joseph and Eira Battaglia, Manly Volunteer Penguin Wardens

Discarded fishing lines, hooks, lures, what can we do about their impacts on local wildlife? 

It's really important that we dispose of these responsibly. There's what's called tangler bins in most areas now and we need to get as many as we can, but just a normal garbage bin will do. So people just to be really responsible and make sure that they pick up everything that they've brought down. All their lines and hooks, anything that's become tangled, pick it up and dispose of it responsibly.

Taronga’s Wild Futures Program

In 2019, Taronga undertook its largest capital fundraising to date with the aim to fund the building of two new wildlife specialist teaching hospitals and a new amphibian and reptile conservation centre.

These modern facilities provide urgently needed space for the increasing demand on Taronga services for treatment, surgeries, rehabilitation and quarantine whilst enabling widespread training and upskilling for wildlife carers, students and veterinary practitioners across the country.

They are home to the thousands of sick and injured animals seen by Taronga each year. 

With your support, Taronga can continue to undertake this vital work. 

To support Taronga’s vet teams and life-saving hospital work, please donate today. 
Visit: www.taronga.org.au/get-involved/philanthropy/wild-futures 

If you find sick or injured wildlife, please call:

  • Sydney Wildlife Rescue - 24/7:  9413 4300
  • WIRES: 1300 094 737 

Take your fishing tackle refuse home or bin it

Currently 12 tackle bins are located in popular fishing locations across the Northern Beaches to raise awareness to do the right thing and encourage people to dispose of unwanted tackle, hooks, lures, sinkers, swivels, and rinsed bait packaging.

Council collects material from the fishing tackle bin at Narrabeen Lagoon every Monday and 3 times a week in the warmer months, while the public litterbins, located nearby, are collected daily.

In addition, Council’s Cleansing Services team visits this popular fishing locations daily to remove loose litter and check for any discarded fishing lines and tackle as well.

In regard to signage, the tackle bins themselves have information about responsible fishing behaviour.’’

location of the council's fish tackle bins

what they look like. Photo and above graphic: NBC

Locations

  • Fishermans Beach
  • Sangrado Jetty, Seaforth
  • Manly Dam (sections 1 & 3)
  • Little Manly Point Park
  • Narrabeen Lagoon Bridge area
  • Pelican Path at Lake Park Road, North Narrabeen 
  • Ellery’s Punt Reserve, Clontarf  
  • Newport Jetty
  • Berry Reserve, Narrabeen
  • West Esplanade, Manly
  • Forty Baskets Jetty

Thank you very VERY Much

The crew from Sydney Wildlife would like to thank Fiona Dimas-Herd, Anne Olbach and her grandchildren, Eduardo Salgado and his son, Lucas Caetano Salgado, and Avian & Exotics Vet Narrabeen, for their coming together to rescue Pele.

Please – when disposing of your fishing line and hooks make sure you do so so it won’t hurt others; take it home with you or put it in one of the fishing tackle bins the council has installed. If you get it caught in the trees around the perimeter of the lagoon, please have some scissors or something with you to cut it out again.

Let's all look after this place a bit better, especially its furred, feathered and finned residents - together we are a great team - the best team; community.

Libby Hall with Sydney Wildlife volunteers  Eira Battaglia and Jacqui Marlowe

Some photos of Pelé's release, before he winged south across the Lagoon, heading to the 'lake' side of the bridge:

stretching his wings:

Libby walks with Pelé as he adjusts to being home, still stretching his wings:

He heads towards the water, still stretching his wings:

Into the water he goes:

Into the sky he goes;

On his way towards the bridge at Narrabeen - take care Pelé !:

 

Lost Sydney: Real Photographs from 1870–1910 Brought to Life

The Narrabeen Tramline

The RPAYC is pleased to welcome you to OptiChicks for September 2026.
OptiChicks is for Girls aged 8–15 who sail an Optimist.
Join girls from sailing clubs across NSW and the ACT for an unforgettable weekend designed to inspire the next generation of female sailors.

Hosted by Royal Prince Alfred Yacht Club, OptiChicks is much more than a sailing weekend. It’s an opportunity to build lasting friendships, be mentored by inspiring female sailors, experience different boats, build confidence and discover the many exciting pathways our sport has to offer.

Whether your daughter dreams of representing Australia, coaching the next generation, volunteering at her club or simply enjoying sailing with friends, OptiChicks celebrates everything that makes our sport so special.

More details at: rpayc.com.au/opti-chicks/

2026 Premier's Reading Challenge

The Challenge aims to encourage a love of reading for leisure and pleasure in students, and to enable them to experience quality literature. It is not a competition but a challenge to each student to read, to read more and to read more widely. The Premier's Reading Challenge (PRC) is open to all NSW students in Kindergarten to Year 10, in government, independent, Catholic and home schools. Now in its 25th year, the NSW PRC is the largest reading challenge in Australia!

The Term 1 2026 booklist is now live! 462 new books have been added to the book lists. Additional book list updates occur at the start of Term 2 and Term 3. 

Click here, or visit the booklists page to check out the new titles added to the PRC booklists this year! 

 

WINTER WATTLE.

By A.E. BISHOP.

IT was early in the spring, long years ago. The Golden Wattle leaned her lovely boughs over the edge of the cliff, and gazed at her reflection in the clear, shining water that ran below her lowest roots. 

“I am very beautiful," she said softly. "Surely I am the queen of all flowering trees."

A Pale Wattle beside her shook its creamy catkins with a sigh. "You are indeed a picture, my sister,” she said; "but I, too, am beautiful. It is only because of your bright yellow colour that the humans and the little people like you so. Yet my scent is like the breath of violets, and the bees come to me for pollen.”

The balls of Golden Wattle trembled with laughter.

"Poor pale sister! You are not bad looking, of course," she said; "but you must admit that my brighter colour is my beauty. No other tree in flower is as regal as I"

THEN the Pale Wattle drooped her graceful head sadly, and wept in her heart; for she knew well how the fairies welcomed her sunshiny sister, and almost missed her entirely in their praises.

"Dear, dear!" said the Creek below the cliff. "Creamy Wattle is dropping her flowers quickly; she must be sad." 

And this she told to the Willy Wagtail as he dashed across the silver surface of the water for his midday bath.

The Willy Wagtail was a wise birdie, and kind-hearted, so he flew up to the wattle sisters. There he met a tiny Diamond Bird, who had a nest in the bank between the two trees. Chippie told the Willy Wagtail all he knew; of how the Golden Wattle laughed because she was most beautiful, and now the Pale Wattle sighed because —though she, too, was beautiful—no one noticed her.

"This is hard luck," murmured the Creek as she danced down her stony staircase while the Wagtail told his story. “I must see the West Wind, who can tell the Wisest Man all about it."

SO the Creek told the West Wind, who flew, straight away to the seashore, where dwelt the Wisest Man. He listened thoughtfully to the West Wind, and at last he said slowly, lifting up a small handful of pale sea sand:

"The Creamy Wattle should not flower at the same time as her sister; and, as there are so many flowers already booked for later in the year, she must bear her blossoms early in the Winter. Thus Creamy Wattle will be the best praised of trees, because she gives her violet scent and her real beauty when the world is short of flowers. Scatter this sand near her roots, just a few grains of the Sands of Time, and she will be happy." 

SO the West Wind did as he was told, and ever since then the Pale Wattle has flowered and cheered the earth when most other blossoms are asleep.

WINTER WATTLE. (1927, August 4). The Queenslander(Brisbane, Qld. : 1866 - 1939), p. 53. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article25298798 

Willy Wagtail at Careel Bay Playing Fields

Curious Kids: why do we have fingernails and toenails?

Nails help us scratch an itch, but also pick up tiny things. Shutterstock
Amanda Meyer, The University of Western Australia

Curious Kids is a series for children. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to curiouskids@theconversation.edu.au You might also like the podcast Imagine This, a co-production between ABC KIDS listen and The Conversation, based on Curious Kids.


Why do we have fingernails and toenails? - Jake (age 9) and Ben (age 7), Melbourne.


The reason we have fingernails and toenails is not to pick our noses or to scratch our siblings.

The short answer is we have evolved to have nails because they help us pick things up (like food), pick things off (like bugs), and hold tightly onto things.

Early humans who had these type of nails (instead of claws) tended to live long enough to have babies and pass on the fingernails gene to their kids. So over time, the number of human ancestors with nails grew and the number with claws shrunk. That’s how evolution works.

But the story goes back further than that.

Flat nails are better than claws for grasping. Shutterstock

Our primate ancestors and cousins

Humans are members of the primate family. The primates are the most intelligent group of mammals (mammals are animals who do not lay eggs). Primates have evolved to have nails.

That’s why you see primates like apes and monkeys also have nails on all their fingers and toes, as well as our closest primate “cousins”: gibbons, bonobos, chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans.

While humans don’t usually use our toes these days to pick things up, our primate cousins do. So our toenails are a hangover from a time in our evolutionary past where we often used our feet to pick stuff up and pick stuff off.

All these primates – including us – evolved from a common ancestor that had claws.

Here you can see a chimpanzee’s fingernails and toenails. Nils Rinaldi, CC BY-SA

Nails vs claws

So why did we evolve to have nails instead of claws? The answer is that nails let us do a lot of important things that you can’t do with claws.

Compare your nails to those of a dog or cat. Your nails are wide, flat and shield-shaped. They are also on the back of the tip of your fingers and toes.

A dog or cat has claws that are thin, curved and pointed. They wrap around the end of their “fingers” and “toes”.

Claws are great for scratching but would get in the way if you had to hold a tool or pick up something tiny. Shuttertock

By having nails, you can pick up tiny things like small LEGO bricks off the ground, pick off stickers, or pick a bug off you easily. You can make and use tools. Can a cat do that with its claws? No! In fact, having super-long, clawlike nails can make it really hard to do a lot of things humans need to do – like eating, washing and holding things.

Without nails, it would be much harder to pick up small things. Shutterstock

On the other hand, claws are useful for some things that cats and dogs often need to do.

By having claws, your cat can quickly run up a tree (even if it doesn’t have many lower branches) to catch a bird. Plus your dog can dig up your backyard in one afternoon (to find food, for example).

Primates also climb trees but we mostly do it by grasping onto branches, and long claws get in the way when you’re grasping. Nails provide a rigid backing to primates’ fingertips to improve grasping. We dig too, of course, but we use tools for that. You don’t have the same needs as a dog or a cat, so you don’t have the same type of nails or claws.

Each type of animal has evolved to have the type of finger-covering (either claws or nails) that best suits its needs.

What if we didn’t have nails?

Imagine for a moment that humans didn’t have nails. First, a lot of nail salons would go out of business, and we couldn’t enjoy painting our nails lots of different colours.

But more importantly, having a lump of soft skin at the end of our fingers would make it harder to hold things and control our grip on them. The ends of our fingers and toes have changed to match our changed lives.

So next time you’re at the zoo, look at the hands of gibbons, chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans, and you’ll see they have nails just like yours. Think about all the amazing things we primates can do with nails.

Orangutan nails are not that different to ours. Shutterstock

Hello, curious kids! Have you got a question you’d like an expert to answer? Ask an adult to send your question to curiouskids@theconversation.edu.au

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Please tell us your name, age and which city you live in. We won’t be able to answer every question but we will do our best.The Conversation

Amanda Meyer, Lecturer of Human Anatomy, The University of Western Australia

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Curious Kids: will I go blind if I shut my eyes and face the Sun?

Photo by Daoudi Aissa on Unsplash, CC BY
Jason Yosar, The University of Queensland

Curious Kids is a series for children. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to curiouskids@theconversation.edu.au You might also like the podcast Imagine This, a co-production between ABC KIDS listen and The Conversation, based on Curious Kids.


Will I go blind if I shut my eyes and face the Sun? - Samuel, age 9, Canberra.

Hi Samuel, thank you for your excellent question.

The short answer is if you squeeze your eyes shut very tight and then face the Sun, that should be enough to protect your eyes from damage. You won’t go blind.

But be careful because it is very easy to damage your eyes with sunlight. You should never look directly at the Sun, with or without sunglasses, even during a solar eclipse, because that can cause a lot of damage to the eyes. Sometimes this damage can be permanent.

Sunlight and your eyes

Light from the Sun is very powerful and looking straight at it by accident will usually make you blink and close your eyes involuntarily. That means it happens by itself, without you having to think about it to make it happen.

It’s like how you start blinking when a bit of dust or sand enters your eyes. It’s our body’s way of protecting our eyes from damage. If you squeeze your eyes shut and then look at the Sun, your eyes should be OK.

But what would happen if you forced yourself to keep your eyes open and stared straight at the Sun? (Please don’t do this.)

If you do it for long enough, you might end up with a condition called “solar retinopathy”. This condition is rare because most people are thankfully sensible enough to not stare at the Sun. But it can happen to people who watch solar eclipses without eye protection, or people who stare at the Sun (by accident or on purpose) because they are under the influence of drugs, have a mental illness, or looked at the Sun through a telescope.

You need special glasses to view a solar eclipse. Erwyn van der Meer/Flickr, CC BY

In this condition, affected people will notice blurry vision (especially in the centre of their vision), a “blind spot” in one or both eyes, and distortion of their vision (things might look wavy or wobbly).

This happens because the light from the Sun essentially burns a small spot deep inside the eye on the spot on which it was focused. We unfortunately don’t have any way of treating this condition and if it happens, all we can do is wait and see if it gets better by itself. Most of the time it does, but sometimes the person might have that blind spot in their vision for a very long time, or for the rest of their life.

This is what the 2017 solar eclipse looked like. Flickr/Steve Byrne, CC BY

Flash burn

Something that happens more commonly than solar retinopathy is a condition called “photokeratitis” (most people call it “flash burn”).

This is like having sunburn but on the surface of your eye rather than on your skin. It is very, very painful and people who get it will often need very strong medicines to help with their pain.

Skiiers wear special goggles to protect their eyes from flash burn. Chris Hobcroft/Flickr, CC BY

You don’t usually get this condition from staring at the Sun, but from short bursts of huge amounts of powerful light, like the reflection of sunlight from snow (that’s why many skiers wear special goggles rather than normal sunglasses) or the light that comes from welding metal (which is why welders wear big helmets).

You can also get it if you don’t protect your eyes when using a tanning bed (but you shouldn’t use these anyway because they can cause skin cancer). Thankfully, unlike solar retinopathy, this condition usually gets better by itself in a few days and does not cause any permanent damage.

Your eyes will usually automatically close to protect them from bright light or dust. pixelarity/flickr, CC BY

Not staring straight into the Sun is very important, but so too is protecting your eyes. If you’re outside, always wear sunglasses – they will protect your eyes from the damage the sun causes over months and years.


Hello, curious kids! Have you got a question you’d like an expert to answer? Ask an adult to send your question to curiouskids@theconversation.edu.au

CC BY-ND

Please tell us your name, age and which city you live in. We won’t be able to answer every question but we will do our best.The Conversation

Jason Yosar, Associate Lecturer, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Curious Kids: what makes a shooting star fall?

Make a wish! Shuttershock
Lisa Harvey-Smith, UNSW

Curious Kids is a series for children. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to curiouskids@theconversation.edu.au You might also like the podcast Imagine This, a co-production between ABC KIDS listen and The Conversation, based on Curious Kids.


What makes a shooting star fall? – Katelyn, age 7, Adelaide.


Hi Katelyn,

Thanks for asking your fantastic question.

I’ll bet you’ve looked up at the night sky and seen lots of stars. They are beautiful aren’t they? Each star is a huge glowing ball of gas, just like the Sun. Stars look much smaller and fainter than our Sun because they are very far away.

Despite their name, shooting stars are not stars at all. They are tiny space adventurers who accidentally wander into our sky and get sucked toward us by the Earth’s gravity.

Let’s look at the journey of one of these adventurers. I’ll call her Gemma.

Once upon a time there was a tiny speck of dust — space dust — called Gemma. For many years she had spent her time wandering carefree through space and dancing around the planets and the stars.

One day, Gemma noticed a light in the distance. “What’s that?”, she wondered to herself. As she got closer, she saw a beautiful vision of a blue planet, hanging in space like a marble, covered with swirling colours of blue and white. “Wow! That’s the planet Earth,” she said to herself. “Just like I have read about in my books!” (In this story, specks of space dust read books just like you and me).

Gemma, is that you? Ralph Arvesen/Flickr, CC BY

After spending so long floating through the darkness of space, Gemma felt a strange attraction towards this beautiful new distraction.

It wasn’t just the fascination of Earth. It felt like an invisible force was bringing her slowly closer and closer to this bright globe of light.

The pull of gravity

As Gemma flew closer, she realised that she was being pulled towards the Earth by the force of gravity. “I’ve read about this in my books,” she thought, remembering that gravity is the same force that keeps humans standing on the Earth instead of floating away. The bigger the planet, the stronger its gravity.

As she neared the planet, Gemma could now see the outline of the oceans and the clouds and the sun glinting off the sparkling water.

Suddenly, she noticed the blackness of space was turning into a beautiful blue sky. She had entered the atmosphere of Earth! She had read that the atmosphere was a thick blanket of air, more than 100 kilometres thick that wraps around the surface of our planet and allows all the animals and people to breathe.

As she encountered the air, Gemma felt the chill of deep space subside. She started to feel as warm as a summer’s day. As she jostled and bounced through the air like an aeroplane, she started to glow with an energy and light that she had not felt before. “This must be friction, making me warm — just like the friction when I rub my hands together!” she thought to herself. A lot of friction can make things glow, and Gemma started to glow brighter and brighter.

As her speed increased, Gemma felt like she was on a roller coaster. “Wheeeeeeee!!” she called out with excitement, as she rocketed towards the blue planet, shining like a beautiful, bright star.

All the children on Earth looked up and were very excited to see Gemma, the shooting star from outer space, racing down to join them on Earth. She was just as excited to see them, and to have new friends on this beautiful planet Earth.

Next time you see a shooting star, say hello to Gemma!

Hello, curious kids! Have you got a question you’d like an expert to answer? Ask an adult to send your question to curiouskids@theconversation.edu.au

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Please tell us your name, age and which city you live in. We won’t be able to answer every question but we will do our best.The Conversation

Lisa Harvey-Smith, Professor and Australian Government’s Women in STEM Ambassador, UNSW

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Curious Kids: Where are all the other galaxies hidden?

The other galaxies are there, but they are hiding a very long way away. www.shutterstock.com
Lisa Harvey-Smith, CSIRO

This is an article from Curious Kids, a series for children. The Conversation is asking kids to send in questions they’d like an expert to answer. All questions are welcome – serious, weird or wacky! You might also like the podcast Imagine This, a co-production between ABC KIDS listen and The Conversation, based on Curious Kids.


Where are all the other galaxies hidden? – Sasha, age 7, Sydney.


Hi Sasha,

Thanks for sending in your question.

Almost everything in our universe is high above the clouds, even higher than an aeroplane. If you keep going up, up, up… you get to outer space. There is a lot of empty space up there, as well as some fascinating things like planets, stars and beautiful clouds of gas.

Imagine that you could launch yourself on a very fast spaceship — travelling as fast as lightning — the first place you would reach would be the planets in our solar system: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. At that speed, you could travel to the planets in a few minutes. Which would you visit first?

If you went even further, travelling for almost five years on your spaceship you would reach the nearest stars. Many of these stars live in twos or threes, and have their very own planets too. We don’t know whether there are any animals, plants, birds or fish on these planets, or perhaps creatures that we don’t have here on Earth. Maybe that’s a mission for astronaut Sasha. Can you imagine what life on other planets might be like?

If you zoom even further on your spaceship, travelling for thousands of years, you will start to see that we live in a huge spiral galaxy containing two hundred billion stars. It’s called the Milky Way and you can see it glowing in the night sky as a band of light. Have you ever seen the Milky Way?

An artist’s impression of the Milky Way galaxy, which is where you find our solar system. Shutterstock

Now, keep travelling out of our Milky Way, for more than two million years (you’ll be very old by then). You will finally reach the nearest spiral galaxy, called the Andromeda galaxy. It’s hard to believe, but all the other galaxies are even further away than this. Some galaxies are so far away they would take thousands of millions of years to reach.

So to answer your question Sasha, the other galaxies are there, but they are hiding a very long way away. That’s why we can’t easily see them when we look up at the night sky. Luckily, we don’t have to fly in a spaceship for millions of years to find other galaxies. Scientists like me, astronomers who study space, can use huge telescopes to study the light coming from galaxies and see what they are up to.

Galaxies are fascinating. Like people, some are young and others are old. Some galaxies are made up of hot stars that have only recently been born, like baby stars. Other galaxies are colder and contain mostly older stars. Galaxies can be active too. As gravity pulls them towards one another, they can merge together and collide. This will eventually happen to the Milky Way, which will collide with the Andromeda galaxy in about four billion years’ time. When that happens, the Sun will keep shining but our night sky will look very different.

I hope you will keep looking up at the stars, astronaut Sasha. It’s a fascinating place out there. Let me know if you find life on those planets!


Hello, curious kids! Have you got a question you’d like an expert to answer? Ask an adult to send your question to us. They can:

* Email your question to curiouskids@theconversation.edu.au
* Tell us on Twitter

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Please tell us your name, age and which city you live in. You can send an audio recording of your question too, if you want. Send as many questions as you like! We won’t be able to answer every question but we will do our best.The Conversation

Lisa Harvey-Smith, Astronomer, CSIRO

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Curious Kids: what’s the tallest skyscraper it’s possible to build?

The world’s current tallest skyscraper is the Burj Khalifa in Dubai. It’s 828 metres tall. But we could go taller. Flickr/Cristian Viarisio, CC BY
Philip Oldfield, UNSW

Curious Kids is a series for children. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to curiouskids@theconversation.edu.au You might also like the podcast Imagine This, a co-production between ABC KIDS listen and The Conversation, based on Curious Kids.


What’s the tallest skyscraper it’s possible to build? – Sophie, aged 7, Perth.


Great question! The world’s current tallest skyscraper is the Burj Khalifa in Dubai. It’s 828 metres tall, which is over two-and-a-half times as tall as any skyscraper in Australia.

However, there is a skyscraper being built in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, that will be over 1,000 metres tall when it’s finished. This will be the first building to ever rise over a kilometre high. It will also have 167 floors on top of each other!

So, how tall could we build a skyscraper? It would be difficult, but we could probably build a tower over 2,000 metres tall, which would be like ten normal skyscrapers on top of each other!

This is probably not a very good idea though. Building such a mega-tall skyscraper would use a huge amount of concrete and steel. Using lots of these materials when we don’t need to can be bad for the environment. It’s usually much better for the environment if we build smaller skyscrapers, maybe up to 300 metres tall.

In fact, there are lots of challenges when you design and build a mega-tall skyscraper.

Stopping the wind

The biggest difficulty is the wind. It blows on a skyscraper and tries to push it over, so you need to design a structure that keeps the building stable. The wind can also make a tower sway from side to side, so that people at the very top can even feel seasick.

Architects and engineers have lots of technologies to help stop this. Some of the tallest skyscrapers in the world have a giant pendulum at the top, inside the building, called a “tuned mass damper”.

Here’s the tuned mass damper inside a very tall building in Taiwan called the Taipei 101 building. Flickr/riNux, CC BY

Imagine a ball of steel the size of a house hanging from ropes inside a skyscraper. When the wind blows, the pendulum swings back and forth, absorbing the energy of the wind, to stop the building swaying.

Other buildings have pools of water at the top. When the wind blows it makes the water slosh around. Giant paddles in the pool absorb the water’s movement, which stops the building from swaying.

Another way to stop the wind is to use a clever skyscraper shape. When the wind blows on a skyscraper it creates swirls of air called vortices – like whirlpools in the sky.

The Burj Khalifa building in Dubai is thin at the top and wide at the bottom, with giant steps down the side. Flickr/Adam, CC BY

If these happen regularly, it can make the building sway back and forth. The Burj Khalifa building in Dubai is thin at the top and wide at the bottom, with giant steps down the side. The steps make the vortices happen at different heights to help stop the building from swaying in the wind.

Getting to the top

Another big challenge is how do you get to the top of a building that is one kilometre tall? Walking up the stairs isn’t an option as there would be more than 3,000 steps!

Taking the lift would be a good idea, but you’d need a very fast lift. Otherwise it would take ages to get up or down the building.

Some of theses lifts can travel at 70km/h, the speed of cars on a highway. At that speed you would go past five floors every second and soon be at the top.

You would also need lots of lifts in a kilometre-high skyscraper. The Jeddah Tower will have 59 of them! They will have super-strong carbon fibre ropes to carry the lift, as normal ropes just aren’t strong enough.

Hello, curious kids! Have you got a question you’d like an expert to answer? Ask an adult to send your question to curiouskids@theconversation.edu.au

CC BY-ND

Please tell us your name, age and which city you live in. We won’t be able to answer every question but we will do our best.The Conversation

Philip Oldfield, Associate Professor in Architecture, UNSW

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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More stories at: Storyline online 

Archive of millions of Historical Children’s Books All Digitised: Free to download or Read Online

Enter the 1: Baldwin Library of Historical Children’s Literature here, where you can browse several categories, search for subjects, authors, titles, etc, see full-screen, zoomable images of book covers, download XML versions, and read all of the 2: over 6,000 books in the collection with comfortable reader views. 

Find 3: more classics in the collection, 800 Free eBooks for iPad, Kindle & Other Devices.


WilderQuest online fun

The NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service is pleased to present the WilderQuest program for teachers, students and children.

The WilderQuest program includes a website and apps with game and video content, Ranger led tours and activities in national parks across NSW. It provides opportunities for families to experience nature, science and Aboriginal culture in classrooms, online, at events and in national parks. The Teacher portal and free primary school resources have been produced with support from our Environmental Trust partners.

Profile: Ingleside Riders Group

Ingleside Riders Group Inc. (IRG) is a not for profit incorporated association and is run solely by volunteers. It was formed in 2003 and provides a facility known as “Ingleside Equestrian Park” which is approximately 9 acres of land between Wattle St and McLean St, Ingleside. 
IRG has a licence agreement with the Minister of Education to use this land. This facility is very valuable as it is the only designated area solely for equestrian use in the Pittwater District.  IRG promotes equal rights and the respect of one another and our list of rules that all members must sign reflect this.
Profile: Pittwater Baseball Club

Their Mission: Share a community spirit through the joy of our children engaging in baseball.

National Geographic for Australian Kids

Find amazing facts about animals, science, history and geography, along with fun competitions, games and more. Visit National Geographic Kids today!

This week the National Geographic for Kids has launched a new free digital resource platform called NatGeo@Home to entertain and educate children affected by school closures.

The three main categories of content on the NatGeo@Home site aim to educate, inspire and entertain. For parents and teachers, there are also separate resources and lesson plans covering everything from getting to grips with Google Earth to learning to label the geological features of the ocean.

For the main Australian National Geographic for Kids, visit: www.natgeokids.com/au

For the National Geographic at Home site, visit:

LEGO AT THE LIBRARY

Mona Vale Library runs a Lego club on the first Sunday of each month from 2pm to 4pm. The club is open to children aged between seven and twelve years of age, with younger children welcome with parental supervision. If you are interested in attending a Lego at the Library session contact the library on 9970 1622 or book in person at the library, 1 Park Street, Mona Vale.

Children's Storytime at Mona Vale LibraryMona Vale Library offers storytime for pre-school children every week during school terms. Children and their carers come and participate in a fun sing-a-long with our story teller as well as listen to several stories in each session, followed by some craft.  

Storytime is held in the Pelican Room of the library in front of the service desk. Storytime is free and no bookings are required. 

Storytime Sessions: Tuesdays  10.00am - 11.00am - Wednesdays  10.00am - 11.00am  - Thursdays  10.00am - 11.00am

Profile: Avalon Soccer Club
Avalon Soccer Club is an amateur club situated at the northern end of Sydney’s Northern Beaches. As a club we pride ourselves on our friendly, family club environment. The club is comprised of over a thousand players aged from 5  who enjoy playing the beautiful game at a variety of levels and is entirely run by a group of dedicated volunteers. 
Avalon Bilgola Amateur Swimming Club Profile

We swim at Bilgola rock pool on Saturday mornings (8:45am till 11:30am). Our season runs between October and March

Profile Bayview Yacht Racing Association (BYRA)

Website: www.byra.org.au

BYRA has a passion for sharing the great waters of Pittwater and a love of sailing with everyone aged 8 to 80 or over!

 Mona Vale Mountain Cub Scouts



Find out more about all the fun you can have at Mona Vale Mountain Cub Scouts Profile
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our Profile pages aren’t just about those who can tell you about Pittwater before you were born, they’re also about great clubs and activities that you too can get involved in!